Regional distribution of glucose utilization in the telencephalon of toads in response to configurational visual stimuli: a14C-2DG study

Finkenstädt, Th.; Adler, Norman T.; Allen, T. O.; Ewert, Jörg-Peter

doi:10.1007/bf00603792

Cited by 64 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Visual inputs and visual activity are present in the pallium of anurans [Karamian et al, 1966;Vesselkin et al, 1971;Grusser and Grusser-Cornehls, 1976;Finkenstädt et al, 1986;Finkenstädt, 1988Finkenstädt, , 1989, as are possible descending projections to the optic tectum [Neary, 1990;Northcutt and Ronan, 1992]. We have nevertheless found that removal of large portions of the dorsal telencephalon, including virtually all of the pallium, produced no discernible contralateral visual orienting deficit and did not abolish the ability to orient accurately towards prey stimuli in any part of the visual field.…”

Section: The Effects Of Lesions To the Pallium And Their Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Visually elicited activity in the medial pallium of frogs has been reported in evoked potential [Karamian et al, 1966;Vesselkin et al, 1971] and single unit [Grusser and Grusser-Cornehls, 1976] studies. Evidence for pallial activity in response to visual stimuli in toads has also been reported using the 2 deoxyglucose technique [Finkenstädt et al, 1986;Finkenstädt, 1988Finkenstädt, , 1989. The pallium of frogs also resembles the isocortex of mammals in that this visual activity may be mediated by a direct thalamofugal visual pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Given these possible similarities between the pallium of frogs and visual cortex of cats, it is of great interest to learn whether a lesion restricted to this area in frogs might similarly be sufficient to produce a contralateral visual orienting deficit. Lesions to the visual cortex are not the only type of restricted forebrain lesions known to produce contralateral orienting deficits in cats [Gybels et al, 1967], nor is the pallium the only structure in the forebrain of frogs known to receive visual input [Gruberg and Ambros, 1974;Grusser and Grusser-Cornehls, 1976;Finkenstädt et al, 1986]. It is thus possible that the critical area for the production of the deficit may reside at some location other than the pallium in the forebrain of frogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A unilateral lesion to the visual cortex, a structure that constitutes one component of the pallium in mammals, is known to produce a contralateral orienting deficit in cats [Sprague, 1966;Sherman, 1977;Wallace et al, 1989Wallace et al, , 1990. The pallium of anurans is involved in visual information processing [Karamian et al, 1966;Vesselkin et al, 1971;Grusser and Grusser-Cornehls, 1976;Finkenstädt et al, 1986] and sends efferents to structures that, in turn, project to the optic tectum [Neary, 1990;Northcutt and Ronan, 1992]. Like visual cortex in cats, it may also possess a direct projection to the tectum [Neary, 1990;Northcutt and Ronan, 1992].…”

Section: Forebrain Visual Orienting Systems In Frogs and In Mammals: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Telencephalic Lesions on Visually Mediated Prey Orienting Behavior in the Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens)

Patton

Grobstein²

1998

Brain Behav Evol

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Unilateral removal of the telencephalon in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, produces a contralateral deficit in visual prey orienting behavior [Patton and Grobstein, 1997]. In mammals, such deficits are most commonly associated with damage to the isocortex, a pallial derived structure. In contrast, we here report that in leopard frogs, lesions that remove substantial areas of one telencephalic lobe, including virtually the entire pallium, have no discernible effect on visual orienting behavior. Restricted lesions to the ventrocaudal telencephalon, however, produce an effect that closely resembles that produced by the complete removal of one telencephalic lobe. The ‘critical area’ that is both included in all lesions that are effective in producing a severe deficit and excluded from all ineffective lesions includes a portion of the caudal striatum. The striatum is known to play a significant role in anuran vision. It thus seems likely that the deficit produced by unilateral removal of the telencephalon in the leopard frog is due specifically to the removal of the caudal striatum. Unilateral lesions to the striatum have previously been shown to produce a contralateral deficit in visual orienting behavior in cats, and a role for the striatonigral pathway in the production of the visual orienting deficit that follows visual cortex lesions has been proposed. The current findings call attention to the possible general importance of the striatum in the control of vertebrate visual orienting behaviors.

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Section: The Effects Of Lesions To the Pallium And Their Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forebrain Visual Orienting Systems In Frogs and In Mammals: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Telencephalic Lesions on Visually Mediated Prey Orienting Behavior in the Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens)

Patton

Grobstein²

1998

Brain Behav Evol

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“…Although research on visual processing in amphibians has traditionally focused on the midbrain, there is substantial and increasing evidence that the forebrain also plays an important role: neuroanatomical evidence in frogs [Vesselkin et al, 1971;Halpern, 1972;Northcutt, 1972;Gruberg and Ambros, 1974;Kicliter and Northcutt, 1975;Northcutt and Royce, 1975;Scalia, 1976;Kicliter, 1979;Ronan and Northcutt, 1979;Vesselkin et al, 1980;Wilczynski and Northcutt, 1983a;Neary, 1984] and salamanders [Kokoros and Northcutt, 1977;Himstedt, 1986, 1988]; electrophysiological evidence [Karamian et al, 1966;Vesselkin et al, 1971;Liege and Galand, 1972;Gruberg and Ambros, 1974;Grusser and Grusser-Cornehls, 1976;Finkenstädt et al, 1986;Finkenstädt and Ewert, 1988;Finkenstädt, 1989;Merkel-Harff and Ewert, 1991], and behavioral evidence [Ewert, 1970[Ewert, , 1980Ingle, 1991]. It appears that some form of the 'two visual systems' paradigm probably applies to amphibians as well as to mammals [Ingle, 1973[Ingle, , 1983.…”

Section: The Effects Of Telencephalic Lesions On Visually Mediated Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Telencephalic Lesions on Visually Mediated Prey Orienting Behavior in the Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens)

Patton

Grobstein²

1998

Brain Behav Evol

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In this paper, we report studies aimed at characterizing the relationship between forebrain and midbrain systems involved in the control of prey orienting behavior in the leopard frog. In frogs, unilateral forebrain lesions, like unilateral tectal lobe lesions, have their most prominent effects in the contralateral monocular visual field. Such lesions produce partial reductions in response frequency in the binocular visual field as well. Similar sequelae follow unilateral tectal lobe removal. These findings suggest that the effects of unilateral forebrain removal can be largely attributed to removal of a facilitating influence on the tectal lobe on the same side of the brain. In the case of both forebrain and midbrain lesions, behavior was assayed not only in terms of the frequency with which animals responded to stimuli at various locations in the visual field (as is usually done) but also in terms of the latency of whatever responses were observed. A striking inverse relationship between response frequency and response latency was found, both in lesioned and in normal frogs. This relationship has not previously been noticed, doesn’t appear to be an obvious consequence of any existing models of the neuronal circuitry underlying anuran orienting behavior, and is difficult to account for in terms of the time scales associated with axonal conduction times and synaptic delays. It may be easier to account for in terms of the responses to perturbation of large interacting systems of neurons, and this possibility seems worthy of further exploration.

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The Release of Visual Behavior in Toads: Stages of Parallel/Hierarchical Information Processing

Ewert

1989

Visuomotor Coordination

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Abstract. The release of toad's prey-catching behavior (orienting, approaching, fixating and snapping) is mediated by releasing schemas, also called releasing mechanisms. The present neuroethological investigation suggests the neurophysiological equivalent of a schema as a combination of neurons specified to encode significant coincidences of stimulus cues in space and time. A correspondingly coded command releasing system results from parallel/hierarchical processing in a neural macro-network whose interacting components evaluate visual input under various aspects such as features, background, space, motivation, and past experience.Essential components of prey-related sensorimotor codes are T5.2 neurons. These neurons are tuned to the spatiotemporal properties of moving objects, in such a manner that elongated worm-like moving shapes are preferred and shapes elongated perpendicular to the direction of movement are neglected. Unlike cortical "orientation detectors," the function of these tectal "configuration discriminators" does not depend on an anisotropic structure; the anisotropy required for configura! discrimination lies in the time domain of the spatiotemporal properties of the moving object itself. Evidence is provided that the direction-and velocity-invariant discriminatory properties of T5.2 neurons are brought about by discrete, parallel evaluations of the spatial and the spatiotemporal stimulus parameters by two-ffiter operations in pretectal and tectal structures, respectively, and through their subtractive interaction. In amphibians, with motionless eyes, the movement-specific analysis of moving objects seems to take advantage of an economical system that has sidestepped the need for a sophisticated anisotropic cortex-like structure known to involve a huge number of asymmetric processors in order to meet direction-invariant discriminatory operations.

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Regional distribution of glucose utilization in the telencephalon of toads in response to configurational visual stimuli: a14C-2DG study

Cited by 64 publications

References 21 publications

The Effects of Telencephalic Lesions on Visually Mediated Prey Orienting Behavior in the Leopard Frog <i>(Rana pipiens)</i>

The Effects of Telencephalic Lesions on Visually Mediated Prey Orienting Behavior in the Leopard Frog <i>(Rana pipiens)</i>

The Effects of Telencephalic Lesions on Visually Mediated Prey Orienting Behavior in the Leopard Frog <i>(Rana pipiens)</i>

The Release of Visual Behavior in Toads: Stages of Parallel/Hierarchical Information Processing

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