Regional disparities in antenatal care utilization in Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction The main strategy for decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality has been antenatal care (ANC). ANC aims to monitor and maintain the health and safety of the mother and the fetus, detect all complications of pregnancy and take the necessary actions, respond to complaints, prepare for birth, and promote a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to analyze interregional disparities in �4 ANC visits during pregnancy in Indonesia. Methods Data was acquired from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The unit of analysis was women aged 15-49 years old, and a sample of 15,351 women was obtained. In addition to ANC as the dependent variable, the other variables analyzed in this study were a place of residence, age, husband/partner, education, parity, wealth status, and health insurance. For the final analysis, binary logistic regression was used to determine disparity. Results With the Papua region as a reference, all regions showed a gap except for the Maluku region, which was not significantly different in the use of ANC compared to the Papua region. Women in the Nusa Tenggara have 4.365 times the chance of making �4 ANC visits compared to those in the Papua region (95% CI 3.229-5.899). Women in Java-Bali have 3.607 times the chance of making �4 ANC visits compared to women in the Papua region (95% CI 2.741-4.746). Women in Sumatra have 1.370 times the chance of making �4 ANC visits compared to women in the Papua region (95% CI 1.066-1.761). Women in Kalimantan have 2.232 times the chance of making �4 ANC visits compared to women in the Papua region (1.664-2.994). Women in Sulawesi have 1.980 times more chance of making �4 ANC visits compared to women in the Papua region (1.523-2.574). In addition to the region category, other variables that contributed to the predictor were age, husband/partner, education, parity, wealth and insurance.

Socioeconomic Difference of Husband's Involvement in Antenatal Care in Rural Indonesia

“…Therefore, the working husband will have the financial capacity to pay for ANC services [34]. Family income and ANC fees are related to access to ANC services [5,29]. The results of previous research conducted by Othman on 460 mothers in the City of Sana'a, Yemen are the same as the results of the study in this study.…”

“…Health services ranging from examinations of pregnant women/ANC, delivery assistance by trained health workers in health facilities, care for mothers and babies after delivery to care in case of complications. ANC is done at least 4 times during pregnancy [5]. This is done to provide protection for pregnant women and the fetus by early detection of risk factors, taking precautions, and treating complications of pregnancy early.…”

Regional disparities in postnatal care among mothers aged 15-49 years old in Indonesia

“…Previous research conducted in Malawi has found a significant association between the health facility and the utilization of PNC services. Other Ethiopia studies have demonstrated that physical accessibility plays an essential variable in health service utilization (Kim et al, 2019;Tarekegn et al, 2014). Access to the health facility is related to the costs incurred, which is influenced by having transportation to the health facility, which is considered expensive.…”

The Determinant of Healthcare Childbirth among Young People in Indonesia

“…26 It remains as a challenge of physical access since Indonesia has archipelagic characteristics. 12,27 Previous studies have informed the difficulty of accessing health services in border areas and islands in Indonesia. 28,29 This current study pointed out that young people who had enough knowledge of pregnancy danger signs had a better possibility of utilizing healthcare facilities.…”

“…ANC in pregnant young people is also necessary for early detection of problems in pregnancy. 12 Based on the background description, this research is aimed to analyze the determinants of healthcare childbirth in Indonesian young people.…”