Regional dimensions of conflict in the Horn of Africa

Cliffe, Lionel

doi:10.1080/01436599913938

Cited by 49 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…According to Cliffe (1999), there was a brief period of détente between 1991 and 1994, characterized by various regional initiatives for the resolution of conflicts in Somalia, Sudan and Djibouti, as well as by the economic integration processes involving countries in the region 25 .…”

Section: Post-cold War (1991-2001): New and "Renewed" Security Challementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, situations such as the civil war in Sudan and Somalia, Djibouti's political instability, insurgent groups operating in several territories, added up to the installation of a Islamic government in Sudan with a strong tendency towards fundamentalism, were relevant factors that contributed to the deterioration of regional relations after 1994 Cliffe 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Somali aerial and terrestrial tactic and technical superiority has been decisive in the first months of conflict, contributing for the occupation of almost 90% of the desert by Somali forces. However, the Ethiopian revolutionary government reacted by sending its army to the region and, backed by 16.000 Cuban troops supported by Soviet advisors 14 , the Somali army was quickly defeated and expelled from Ogaden on March 1978 15 (Cliffe 1999;David 1979). By the end of the conflict, Ethiopia emerged as one of the most militarized and powerful States in the Horn of Africa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is 13 "Great Somalia" is a pan-Somali nationalist ideology (to certain extent encouraged by the British at the moment of the independence) which aims at reuniting all the territories inhabited by Somalis in the Horn of Africa (namely, Ogaden, Djibouti and Northern Kenya) under the same government. In this context, the annexation of the Ogaden desert would be the first step towards this pan-Somali project (Cliffe 1999;Tareke 2009). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Pereira

2017

RBEA

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Section: Post-cold War (1991-2001): New and "Renewed" Security Challementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Pereira

2017

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“…On the regional scale, the countries of the region have used proxy elements to destabilize neighboring governments. (Berhe 2014;Cliffe 1999;Doop 2013). …”

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confidence: 99%

Segurança Regional No Chifre Da África: Conflitos, Agendas E Ameaças

Cardoso

2017

RBEA

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Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a dinâmica de segurança no Chifre da África no período pós-independência, identificando os atores, agendas e ameaças. Para tanto, ele se divide em três partes. Na primeira parte, faz-se uma análise da dinâmica de segurança no Chifre da África durante o período da Guerra Fria, focando-se nas rivalidades regionais e na penetração das potências extrarregionais. Na segunda parte são discutidas as transformações ocorridas na região no imediato pós-Guerra Fria, focando nas dinâmicas de segurança internas das unidades (Estados) e regionais. Por fim, a última parte busca identificar as “novas” ameaças e as repostas internacionais e regionais, bem como a nova importância estratégica da região para as potências tradicionais no pós-11 de setembro de 2001 consumado no processo de securitização.

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Disputed Territories and the Law on the Use of Force: Lessons from the Eritrea-Ethiopia Case

Yiallourides

Yihdego

2019

Ethiopian Yearbook of International Law

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On 19 December 2005, in its partial award, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission found that Eritrea had acted in violation of the rules of international law on the use of force (jus ad bellum) in resorting to armed force to attack and occupy the disputed border town of Badme and surrounding areas, which were then under the peaceful administration of Ethiopia. In its award, the Claims Commission made a number of important findings which, taken with the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's 2002 decision on boundary delimitation, contribute towards informing and clarifying the substance of international law applicable to disputed territories and the legal obligations of states acting in those areas, especially where the use of force is engaged. This article examines the Claims Commission's jus ad bellum award and concentrates on three key issues: a) the legality in international law of the resort to force as a means of gaining control over territory to which a state has (or believes that it has) a valid sovereignty title; b) the specific contours of self-defence in relation to territorial sovereignty claims, and c) the legitimacy of dealing with use of force issues by arbitral tribunals. In September 2018, the leaders of the two countries signed a peace and friendship agreement, thus, setting course for a new era of peace and cooperation. The lessons that ought to be learnt by these two neighbouring countries and other states have been articulated as concluding remarks. 1 The Kingdom of Aksum existed during the first seven (although others submit nine) centuries AD in Northern Ethiopia. Its rule and power influence encompassed modern Yemen, Somalia and Djibouti. It adopted Christianity in the 4 th Century AD, introduced, and used its own language called Ge'ez. This ancient civilisation was a dominant trading empire in the Red Sea until the end of the ninth century, see Phillipson (1998) 1-55. 2 General Assembly Resolution 390A(V) (2 December 1950) https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/059/88/IMG/NR005988.pdf?OpenElement 3 On the history of the Ethiopian region see Marcus (2002); Zewde (1998). 4 The Declaration called upon Eritrea 'immediately' and 'unconditionally' to withdraw its army from Ethiopian controlled territories, 'Letter dated 20 December 2005 from the Charge d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Ethiopia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council' 3 . 5 The war lasted two years and involved the deaths of 70,000 soldiers and the displacement of over a million civilians. Government spending had been diverted to the arms race. Drought and famine seriously aggravated the situation causing a large humanitarian crisis, Gray (2006) 702-704; In addition, one of the consequences of this conflict was its spillover effect on the

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Regional dimensions of conflict in the Horn of Africa

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Edição Completa

Edição Completa

Segurança Regional No Chifre Da África: Conflitos, Agendas E Ameaças

Disputed Territories and the Law on the Use of Force: Lessons from the Eritrea-Ethiopia Case

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