Regional differences in density-dependent mortality and reproduction in Finnish reindeer

Kojola, Ilpo; Helle, Timo

doi:10.7557/2.13.1.1070

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition to management actions that involve management of the local abundance of wolf and moose, re-introductions of wild forest reindeer into regions where the predation risk is lower is a noteworthy option to reduce the extinction risk of wild reindeer in Finland. Re-introductions can be an effective means of restoration (Bergerud & Mercer 1989, Kojola 1993. However, Bergerud and Mercer (1989) suggested that woodland caribou cannot return to their old natural ranges if there are high wolf numbers.…”

Section: Conservation and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Wild Forest Reindeer and Wolves: Endangered Prey and Predators

Kojola¹,

Tuomivaara²,

Heikkinen³

et al. 2009

Annales Zoologici Fennici

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Section: Conservation and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Wild Forest Reindeer and Wolves: Endangered Prey and Predators

Kojola¹,

Tuomivaara²,

Heikkinen³

et al. 2009

Annales Zoologici Fennici

Self Cite

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“…Since 1990, the wolf population in Finland has recovered significantly (Kojola et al 2004a(Kojola et al , 2006a, increasing from four family packs in 1996 to 25 packs in 2007 (Kojola 2007). Consequently, the expansion and the growth of the population have raised new challenges to wolf management objectives (Bisi et al 2007;Bisi and Kurki 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The good bad wolf—wolf evaluation reveals the roots of the Finnish wolf conflict

et al. 2010

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This article focuses on the roots of the Finnish wolf conflict by using stakeholder evaluations of the wolf as a tool. The recent growth of the wolf population has highlighted stakeholders_ contradictory objectives and revealed a conflict between the two main stakeholders, conservationists and hunters, in wolf management. The question of hunting emerges as the core of the conflict. The negative evaluation of the wolf by hunters reflects a competitive situation, which is typical of the historical development of wolf management in Finland. In areas with the most abundant wolf populations, hunters view the wolf most negatively. This study clearly demonstrates that the Finnish wolf conflict is rooted in the values of modern society and carries a long historical, practical and ecological background in which humans and wolves compete over resources, mainly the moose. The conflict between hunters and conservationists in wolf management is connected to the appreciation of moose as game and stems from competition between humans and wolves over their prey and the historical presence or absence of the wolf.

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“…If PA decreased the palatability of lichen tissue for reindeer, this would naturally enhance the survival of clones with highest PA concentrations and explain the observed higher PA concentrations in grazed sites. On the other hand, reindeer herding and the relatively high reindeer densities in Finnish Lapland are nowadays largely based on supplemental feeding during winter and the importance of lichen as fodder has decreased (Kojola and Helle 1993). Moreover, our study sites were located in reindeer summer grounds and, hence, unselective trampling may be of much greater significance than potentially selective grazing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites in Cladina stellaris in relation to reindeer grazing and thallus nutrient content

Hyvärinen¹,

Walter²,

Koopmann³

2002

Oikos

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We analysed concentrations of phenols and key macro‐nutrients in a dominant mat‐forming lichen, Cladina stellaris, in dry heath forests subjected to heavy reindeer grazing in Finnish Lapland. Lichen samples were collected in the beginning of two growth seasons from six to eight sites with old reindeer exclosures that served as control plots within sites. The concentration of perlatolic acid in lichen apices (top 10 mm) was higher in grazed plots than in control ones, whereas usnic acid did not seem to respond unequivocally to grazing. Moreover, there was a strong negative relationship between nitrogen and phenolic content of Cladina stellaris in intact plots but this relationship was absent in grazed ones. Changes in nitrogen and phosphorus contents caused by reindeer grazing were not correlated with changes in the level of phenolics in lichen thalli. The present result demonstrated that the carbon‐nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis may well explain some of the variation in lichen phenolic content but is not sufficient for explaining changes caused by reindeer grazing. We hypothesized that physical changes in the lichen microenvironment induced by reindeer have more profound impact on lichen phenolic content than alterations in thallus nutrient content.

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Regional differences in density-dependent mortality and reproduction in Finnish reindeer

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

European Wild Forest Reindeer and Wolves: Endangered Prey and Predators

European Wild Forest Reindeer and Wolves: Endangered Prey and Predators

The good bad wolf—wolf evaluation reveals the roots of the Finnish wolf conflict

Secondary metabolites in Cladina stellaris in relation to reindeer grazing and thallus nutrient content

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