Regional Difference in Scaling Laws for Large Earthquakes and its Tectonic Implication

Fujii, Yukihiko; Matsu’ura, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7695-7_25

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In the present case the dynamic rupture process terminates with the almost complete release of the shear stress stored in the seismogenic region. The average stress drop of the seismic event, evaluated from the stress distribution just before the unstable rupture, is about 2 MPa, which accords with the average stress drop of large interplate strike-slip earthquakes in California and North Anatolia (FUJII and MATSU'URA, 2000). Figure 8 is a series of snapshots indicating change in slip deficits with time during the same earthquake cycle as in Figure 7.…”

Section: Earthquake Generation Cyclessupporting

confidence: 68%

3-D Simulation of Earthquake Generation Cycles and Evolution of Fault Constitutitve Properties

Hashimoto

Matsu’ura

2002

Pure and Applied Geophysics

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The earthquake generation cycle consists of tectonic loading, quasi-static rupture nucleation, dynamic rupture propagation and stop, and subsequent stress redistribution and fault restrengthening. From a macroscopic point of view, the entire process of earthquake generation cycles should be consistently described by a coupled nonlinear system of a slip-response function, a fault constitutive law and a driving force. On the basis of such a general idea, we constructed a realistic 3-D simulation model for earthquake generation cycles at a transcurrent plate boundary by combining the viscoelastic slip-response function derived for a two-layered elastic-viscoelastic structure model, the slipand time-dependent fault constitutive law that has an inherent mechanism of fault restrengthening, and the steady relative plate motion as a driving force into a single closed system. With this model we numerically simulated the earthquake generation cycles repeated in a seismogenic region on a plate interface, and examined space-time changes in shear stress, slip deficits and fault constitutive properties during one complete cycle in detail. The occurrence of unstable dynamic slip brings about decrease both in fault strength and shear stress to a constant residual level. After the arrest of dynamic slip, the breakdown strength drop Dr p of fault is restored rapidly and the process of stress accumulation resumes in the seismogenic region. On the other hand, the restoration of the critical weakening displacement D c proceeds gradually with time through the interseismic period. The restoration of D c can be regarded as the macroscopic manifestation of the microscopic recovery process of fractal fault surface structure. Through numerical simulation with a multi-segmented fault model, we examined the effects of viscoelastic faultto-fault interaction. The effect of transient viscoelastic stress transfer through the asthenosphere is significant as well as the direct effect of elastic stress transfer, and it possibly explains the time lag of the sequential occurrence of large events along a plate boundary.Pure and Applied Geophysics entire process of earthquake generation cycle may be divided into four stages, such as tectonic loading, quasi-static nucleation, dynamic rupture propagation and stop, and subsequent stress redistribution and fault strength restoration. So far most studies on earthquake generation have focused on the process of dynamic rupture propagation and stop. However, the dynamic rupture process is essentially controlled by the preceding stress accumulation process in seismogenic regions, because the stress released at the time of dynamic rupture is nothing but the stress accumulated in the interseismic period. After the arrest of dynamic rupture, the fault should be restrengthened to generate the next event. Therefore, to understand earthquake generation, physically-based modelling of the entire process of earthquake generation cycles is essentially important.A simple spring-slider model for earthquake generation cycle...

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Section: Earthquake Generation Cyclessupporting

confidence: 68%

3-D Simulation of Earthquake Generation Cycles and Evolution of Fault Constitutitve Properties

Hashimoto

Matsu’ura

2002

Pure and Applied Geophysics

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“…This form of Λ was used in deriving the expression for determining λ for large earthquakes [ Miller , 2002], and Figure 8 provides some modeling support for that argument. A form similar to Λ was determined from completely different arguments [ Matsu'ura and Sato , 1997; Fujii and Matsu'ura , 2000], who considered scaling relationships implied by a model of a brittle crust coupled to a deforming asthenosphere under different loading conditions.…”

Section: Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of large ruptures and the dynamical influence of fluids on earthquakes and faulting

Miller

2002

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] A model that couples large-scale plate motion loading with the dominant mechanical effects of fluids within faults shows that the system always evolves to a high degree of disorder in the fault zone stress state. This disorder comes about because of the additional degree of freedom in stress space allowed by including coseismic changes in the fault zone pore pressure. For a given set of initial conditions the long-term fault-averaged stress state equilibrates, resulting in effective properties of the system while maintaining continuous complexity. Stress state disorder organizes in physical space into spatially correlated regions of incipient failure. If the spatial extent of incipient failure is limited, small events occur and the system continues forward. Aperiodically, incipient failure covers a large portion of the fault, and failure of a single cell cascades into very large model earthquakes. A switch from static to dynamic friction at the onset of slip results in a slip-weakening model from stress redistribution during a (quasi-static) propagating elastic dislocation. The complexity inherent in the model is quantified with simple relationships for the average stress drop, average slip, and seismic moment of large events. The characteristic length relating average slip to stress drop is shown to be asymptotic and a function of the aspect ratio of the rupture and the degree of fault overpressure. The model shows that average slip increases with rupture length but at a reduced rate with ongoing slip, showing a smooth transition from L model to W model mechanics for very large events. Model catalogs are compared with the historical catalog of strike-slip events [Wells and Coppersmith, 1994], and the good agreement between the model and observations of seismic moment and fault area shows that the model successfully predicts the average slip over rupture areas up to about 2500 km 2 .

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“…Such data have been produced by many researchers all over the world and have been summarized and published recently in certain scientific papers (Wells & Coppersmith 1994, Pegler & Das 1995, Fujii & Matsu'ura 2000, Henry & Das 2001, Kagan 2002, Papazachos & Papazachou 2003. The values of the fault length, L, and of the fault areas, S, which are sited in these papers and for which reliable moment magnitudes, M, are available, are used in the present work.…”

Section: Data and Procedures Followedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Relations Between Seismic Fault Parameters and Moment Magnitude of Earthquakes

et al. 2004

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Regional Difference in Scaling Laws for Large Earthquakes and its Tectonic Implication

Cited by 33 publications

References 59 publications

3-D Simulation of Earthquake Generation Cycles and Evolution of Fault Constitutitve Properties

3-D Simulation of Earthquake Generation Cycles and Evolution of Fault Constitutitve Properties

Properties of large ruptures and the dynamical influence of fluids on earthquakes and faulting

Global Relations Between Seismic Fault Parameters and Moment Magnitude of Earthquakes

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