Regional contraction of brain surface area involves three large-scale networks in schizophrenia

Palaniyappan, Lena; Mallikarjun, Pavan; Joseph, Verghese; White, Thomas P.; Liddle, Peter F.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.020

Cited by 74 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Gyrification maps derived from the pial surface are different from cortical surface area maps 24 derived from the greywhite boundary. In a previous study, we investigated the surface area of 3 large-scale networks in patients with schizophrenia using the boundary between grey and white matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In a previous study, we investigated the surface area of 3 large-scale networks in patients with schizophrenia using the boundary between grey and white matter. 24 In contrast, the gyrification maps used in the present study contain information about distribution of cortical convolutions and resulting complexity based on the amount of grey matter buried in the neighbourhood of multiple vertices on the pial surface. The results from the study of surface area changes identified the most prominent reduction in the temporo parietal junction and precuneus in patients with schizophrenia, 24 while the present gyrification analysis implicates the insula as the site of most prominent hypogyria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Total surface area was chosen as a covariate as it has a linear relationship with gyrification, 32 and we have previously noted a significant difference between patients and controls in total surface area. 24 This model allowed for the possibility that the slope for the relationship between LGI and total surface area may be different in different brain regions. 32 We used the Query Design Estimate Contrast tool in the Freesurfer program to generate the contrasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed description of the sample and imaging procedures has been reported in our previous study of cortical area in patients with schizophrenia 24 and in a study examining lateralized changes in frontal lobe gyrification. 23 Briefly, the sample consisted of 57 patients (50 men) satisfying DSM-IV cri ter ia for schizophrenia and 41 healthy controls.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study

Palaniyappan

Liddle

2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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IntroductionSchizophrenia is regarded as a disorder of connectivity associated with neurodevelopmental abnormality.1 Despite accumulating evidence for disturbances in functional connectivity, 2 it is unclear how these findings are related to defective cortical development.Developmental aberrations can affect several characteristic anatomic features of the grey matter surface. Cortical development is constrained by the need to develop a cost-efficient wiring scheme wherein signal transmission is quick and effective 3 and by the limitations on the total brain size partly to facilitate parturition. 4,5 This is facilitated by a substantial expansion of surface area along with a high degree of cortical folding despite a relatively minor gain in cortical thickness during evolutionary development. 6 This remarkable dissociation between thickness and surface area persists in adult human brains. 7Axonal connections in the developing brain are considered to be one of several factors that influence the morphology of the cortical surface. 8 In particular, a widely accepted model of cortical morphogenesis suggests that the appearance of cortical convolutions is dependent on the underlying neuronal connectivity.9 Disturbances in regional cortical gyrification can be a surrogate marker for disruptions in neuronal connectivity during development. 9,10Most studies examining neuroanatomical changes in patients with schizophrenia have employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and report consistent volume reduction bilaterally in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Compared with the number of studies investigating volumetric defects, relatively few studies have attempted to locate gyrification defects within the entire cortex in patients with schizophrenia (see White and Hilgetag 10 for a detailed review). Most previous investigations have quantified differences in gyrification at preselected regions of interest (ROI), Background: Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of cerebral connectivity associated with disturbances of cortical development. Disturbances in connectivity at an early period of cortical maturation can result in widespread defects in gyrification. Investigating the anatomic distribution of gyrification defects can provide important information about neurodevelopment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We undertook an automated surface-based morphometric assessment of gyrification on 3-dimensionally reconstructed cortical surfaces across multiple vertices that cover the entire cortex. We used a sample from our previous research of 57 patients (50 men) with schizophrenia and 41 controls (39 men) in whom we had tested a specific hypothesis regarding presence of both hypoand hypergyria in the prefrontal cortex using a frontal region-of-interest approach. Results: Regions with significant reductions in gyrification (hypogyria) were seen predominantly in the left hemisphere, involving the insula and several regions of the multimodal association cortex. Although the prefrontal hypergyria documented ea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study

Palaniyappan

Liddle

2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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111

103

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“…This is seemingly due to the impairment of cortical surface expansion during brain growth, which impacts more on the left hemisphere and results in a relative areal contraction of diverse functional networks [Palaniyappan et al, 2011]. Gray matter reduction in SZ is associated with a longer duration of illness and a reduced sensitivity to antipsychotic medications.…”

Section: Brain Anomalies and Dysfunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and Human Self-Domestication: An Evolutionary Linguistics Approach

et al. 2017

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Schizophrenia (SZ) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that entails social and cognitive deficits, including marked language problems. Its complex multifactorial etiopathogenesis, including genetic and environmental factors, is still widely uncertain. SZ incidence has always been high and quite stable in human populations, across time and regardless of cultural implications, for unclear reasons. It has been hypothesized that SZ pathophysiology may involve the biological components that changed during the recent human evolutionary history, and led to our distinctive mode of cognition, which includes language skills. In this paper we explore this hypothesis, focusing on the self-domestication of the human species. This has been claimed to account for many human-specific distinctive traits, including aspects of our behavior and cognition, and to favor the emergence of complex languages through cultural evolution. The “domestication syndrome” in mammals comprises the constellation of traits exhibited by domesticated strains, seemingly resulting from the hypofunction of the neural crest. It is our intention to show that people with SZ exhibit more marked domesticated traits at the morphological, physiological, and behavioral levels. We also show that genes involved in domestication and neural crest development and function comprise nearly 20% of SZ candidates, most of which exhibit altered expression profiles in the brain of SZ patients, specifically in areas involved in language processing. Based on these observations, we conclude that SZ may represent an abnormal ontogenetic itinerary for the human faculty of language, resulting, at least in part, from changes in genes important for the domestication syndrome and primarily involving the neural crest.

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Cortical Folding Defects as Markers of Poor Treatment Response in First-Episode Psychosis

et al. 2013

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IMPORTANCE At present, no reliable predictors exist to distinguish future responders from nonresponders to treatment during the first episode of psychosis. Among potential neuroimaging predictors of treatment response, gyrification represents an important marker of the integrity of normal cortical development that may characterize, already at illness onset, a subgroup of patients with particularly poor outcome.OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients with first-episode psychosis who do not respond to 12 weeks of antipsychotic treatment already have significant gyrification defects at illness onset.DESIGN Case-control study with 12 weeks' longitudinal follow-up to determine treatment response.SETTING Secondary psychiatric services in an inner-city area (South London, England).PARTICIPANTS A total of 126 subjects, including 80 patients presenting with first-episode psychosis and 46 healthy controls. Patients were scanned at the outset and received various antipsychotic medications in a naturalistic clinical setting. They were followed up for 12 weeks and classified as responders or nonresponders if they reached criteria for symptom remission, evaluated with the Psychiatric and Personal History Schedule.OBSERVATION Patients were exposed to naturalistic antipsychotic treatment for 12 weeks following a magnetic resonance imaging scan. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESCortical gyrification was assessed using local gyrification index in a vertexwise fashion across the entire cortical surface with correction for multiple testing using permutation analysis. Differences in local gyrification index were assessed between responders, nonresponders, and healthy controls. The effect of diagnosis (affective vs nonaffective psychosis) on the local gyrification index was also investigated in responders and nonresponders.RESULTS Patients with first-episode psychosis showed a significant reduction in gyrification (hypogyria) across multiple brain regions compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, nonresponders showed prominent hypogyria at bilateral insular, left frontal, and right temporal regions when compared with responders (all clusters significant at P < .05). These effects were present for both affective and nonaffective psychoses.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Gyrification appears to be a useful predictor of antipsychotic treatment response. Early neurodevelopmental aberrations may predict unfavorable prognosis in psychosis, irrespective of the existing diagnostic boundaries.

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Regional contraction of brain surface area involves three large-scale networks in schizophrenia

Cited by 74 publications

References 57 publications

Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study

Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study

Schizophrenia and Human Self-Domestication: An Evolutionary Linguistics Approach

Cortical Folding Defects as Markers of Poor Treatment Response in First-Episode Psychosis

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