Regional changes in c-fos expression in the basal forebrain and brainstem during adaptation to repeated stress: Correlations with cardiovascular, hypothermic and endocrine responses

Chen, X.; Herbert, J.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00532-a

Cited by 294 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The c-Fos expression seen in the control group (animals submitted to saline and restraint) was similar to that previously reported for stress-induced c-Fos expression (Senba et al, 1993;Chen and Herbert, 1995). It was widely distributed in the brain, with moderate to intense staining in areas involved with the stress response, such as limbic structures and cell groups involved in neuroendocrine and autonomic control (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Stress-Induced c-Fos Expression is Differentially Modulated by Dexamethasone, Diazepam and Imipramine

Medeiros

Reis

Mello

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Immobilization stress upregulates c-Fos expression in several CNS areas. Repeated stress or the use of drugs can modulate stressinduced c-Fos expression. Here, we investigated in 40 different areas of the rat brain the effects of dexamethasone (SDX, a synthetic glucocorticoid), diazepam (SBDZ, a benzodiazepine), and imipramine (IMI, an antidepressant) on the c-Fos expression induced by restraint stress. Wistar rats were divided into four groups and submitted to 20 days of daily injection of saline (three first groups) or imipramine, 15 mg/kg, i.p. On day 21, animals were submitted to injections of saline (somatosensory, SS), SDX (1 mg/kg, i.p.), SBDZ (5 mg/kg, i.p.), or IMI (15 mg/kg, i.p.) before being submitted to restraint. Immediately after stress, the animals were perfused and their brains processed with immunohistochemistry for c-Fos (Ab-5 Oncogene Science). Dexamethasone reduced stress-induced c-Fos expression in SS cortex, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), and locus coeruleus (LC), whereas diazepam reduced c-Fos staining in the SS cortex, hippocampus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, septal area, and hypothalamus (preoptic area and supramammillary nucleus). Chronic administration of imipramine decreased staining in the hippocampus, PVH, and LC, while increasing it in the nucleus raphe pallidus. We conclude that dexamethasone, diazepam and imipramine differentially modulate stress-induced Fos expression. The present study provides an important comparative background that may help in the further understanding of the effects of these compounds and on the brain activation as well as on the behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic responses to stress.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Stress-Induced c-Fos Expression is Differentially Modulated by Dexamethasone, Diazepam and Imipramine

Medeiros

Reis

Mello

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…This pattern of neural activation is consistent with several lines of relevant research. First, several studies have found that a single episode of acute stress produces substantial increases in Fos expression in the PVN, CeA, BNST as well as other areas (2,10). Also, the magnitude of neuronal activation has been shown to be sensitive to briefer periods of maternal separation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal separation enhances neuronal activation and cardiovascular responses to acute stress in borderline hypertensive rats

Sanders

Antičević

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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There is much evidence suggesting early life events, such has handling or repeated separations from the nest, can have a long term effect on the biological and behavioral development of rats. The current study examined the effect of repeated maternal separation (MS) on the behavioral, cardiovascular, and neurobiological responses to stress in subjects vulnerable to environmental stressors as adults. Borderline hypertensive rats (BHR), which are the first generation offspring of spontaneously hyperternsive and Wistar-Kyoto rats, were separated from the dams for 3 hours per day from postnatal day 1 through 14. Non-separated controls remained in the home cage. When allowed to explore the open field chamber for 60 minutes as adults, MS subjects had significantly greater locomotor activity compared to controls. All subjects were exposed to 30 minutes of restraint stress during which time mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Although both groups had comparable increases in MAP, MS animals displayed significantly higher HR throughout the stress period. Finally, MS subjects had significantly more stress-induced Fos positive cells, an estimate of neuronal activation, in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), each of which plays an important role in organizing the biobehavioral response to stress. These results suggest that maternal separation can further enhance stress reactivity in this model and may represent a useful approach for studying the relationship between early life events and future vulnerability to stressful situations.

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“…Regions of the brain that are routinely associated with HPA axis activity express ferret odor-induced c-fos induction; among these, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, cingulate cortex, lateral septum, and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were most prominent. As with a number of other stressors, ferret odor induces c-fos mRNA in a number of additional areas, including the orbitofrontal cortex, piriform cortex, anterodorsal preoptic, dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, the dorsal premammillary nucleus, supramammillary nucleus, basolateral and posterodorsal medial amygdala, and periaqueductal gray Chen and Herbert, 1995;Cullinan et al, 1996Cullinan et al, ,1995Dielenberg et al, 2001b;Imaki et al, 1993;Melia et al, 1994;Pace et al, 2005). In addition, the similarities between c-fos IEG induction between cat and ferret odors is striking; regions such as the lateral septum, dorsomedial hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, premammillary nucleus, posteroventral medial nucleus of the amygdala, and periaqueductal gray (dorsolateral, dorsomedial, and ventrolateral parts) all displayed high levels of cat and ferret odor induced c-fos (Dielenberg et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Acute Regional Brain Responses To Ferret Odormentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

Campeau

Nyhuis

Sasse

et al. 2008

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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This manuscript describes several behavioral and functional studies evaluating the capacity of ferret odors to elicit a number of acute and long-term responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute presentation elicits multiple responses, suggesting that ferret odor, likely from skin gland secretions, provides an anxiogenic-like stimulus in this strain of rats. Compared to cat odor, however, ferret odor did not produce rapid fear conditioning, a result perhaps attributable to methodological factors. Inactivation of the olfactory system and medial nucleus of the amygdala, combined with induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos, suggest the necessity of the accessory olfactory system in mediating the effects of ferret odor. Repeated exposures to ferret odor produce variable habituation of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses, perhaps indicative of the lack of control over the exact individual origin or concentration of ferret odor. Ferret odor induces rapid and long-term body weight regulation, thymic involution, adrenal hyperplasia and facilitation of the neuroendocrine response to additional challenges. It is argued that the use of such odors is exquisitely suited to investigate the brain regions coordinating anxiety-like responses and the long-term changes elicited by such stimuli.

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Regional changes in c-fos expression in the basal forebrain and brainstem during adaptation to repeated stress: Correlations with cardiovascular, hypothermic and endocrine responses

Cited by 294 publications

References 37 publications

Stress-Induced c-Fos Expression is Differentially Modulated by Dexamethasone, Diazepam and Imipramine

Stress-Induced c-Fos Expression is Differentially Modulated by Dexamethasone, Diazepam and Imipramine

Maternal separation enhances neuronal activation and cardiovascular responses to acute stress in borderline hypertensive rats

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

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