Regional changes in brain gray and white matter in patients with schizophrenia demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI

Suzuki, Michio; Nohara, Shigeru; Hagino, Hirofumi; Kurokawa, Kenzo; Yotsutsuji, Takashi; Kawasaki, Yasuhiro; Takahashi, Tsutomu; Matsui, Mié; Watanabe, Naoto; Seto, Hikaru; Kurachi, Masayoshi

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00224-9

Cited by 155 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…First, the findings from this VBM study need validation through manual tracing studies of the hippocampus and ACC with the same subjects, although the validity of VBM has been confirmed in several previous studies in comparison with the conventional region-of-interest measurements (18,21,36,37). It has been suggested that VBM may not detect very small and localized gray-matter volume reductions, because false-positive or false-negative VBM findings may arise from the changes in the shape or displacement of structures in the course of spatial normalization (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In ANALYZE, image data were resampled by using an algorithm to make them isotropic, with the sides measuring 0.9375 mm, and then stored. Image processing by the SPM 99 software was based on the method reported by Suzuki et al (21) and similar to those used in the studies by Ashburner and Friston (32) and Good et al (33). Briefly, images first were spatially normalized into the standard space of Talairach and Tournoux (34).…”

Section: Mri Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gray-or whitematter density is equivalent to the weighted average of the grayor white-matter voxels located in the volume defined by the smoothing kernel. Because previous studies showed a fair correlation between the regional gray-or white-matter density identified with VBM and their volumes measured by the con- ventional manual tracing method (18,21,(36)(37)(38), the regional gray-or white-matter density can be considered to represent the local amount of gray or white matter.…”

Section: Mri Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VBM was used recently in structural MRI studies of various neuropsychiatric disorders (18). For example, VBM studies have successfully revealed regional gray-matter reductions in brain regions such as the inferior prefrontal region, insular cortex, and ACC in patients with schizophrenia compared with normal subjects; the detection of these reductions would have been difficult and͞or rare by the previous region-of-interest methods (19)(20)(21). To our knowledge, however, VBM has not been used in previous studies of PTSD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Voxel-based analysis of MRI reveals anterior cingulate gray-matter volume reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism

Yamasue

Kasai

Iwanami

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

343

198

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MRI studies using the manual tracing method have shown a smaller-than-normal hippocampal volume in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, these studies have yielded inconsistent results, and brain structures other than the hippocampus have not been well investigated. A recently developed, fully automated method called voxel-based morphometry enables an exploration of structural changes throughout the brain by applying statistical parametric mapping to high-resolution MRI. Here we first used this technology in patients with PTSD. Participants were 9 victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack with PTSD and 16 matched victims of the same traumatic event without PTSD. The voxel-based morphometry showed a significant gray-matter volume reduction in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in trauma survivors with PTSD compared with those without PTSD. The severity of the disorder was negatively correlated with the gray-matter volume of the left ACC in PTSD subjects. There were no significant differences in other gray-matter regions or any of the white-matter regions between two groups. The present study demonstrates evidence for structural abnormalities of ACC in patients with PTSD. Together with previous functional neuroimaging studies showing a dysfunction of this region, the present findings provide further support for the important role of ACC, which is pivotally involved in attention, emotional regulation, and conditioned fear, in the pathology of PTSD.F indings from neuroimaging studies of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have suggested that some brain pathology plays an important role in the disorder (1, 2). Six structural MRI studies have shown that combat-related or childhood physically and͞or sexually abused subjects with PTSD have a smaller-than-normal hippocampal volume (3-8). However, almost the same number of studies failed to show reduced hippocampal volume in chronically maltreated children (9-11), survivors of acute traumatic events (12), nonalcoholic combat veterans (13), and alcoholic patients (14) with PTSD. In contrast, brain structures other than the hippocampus have received less attention, although a few studies have reported whole-brain volume reduction (9), reduced total white-matter volume (7), smaller corpus callosum (9), larger superior temporal gyrus gray-matter volume (15), and attenuation of frontal lobe asymmetry (11). Therefore, it is unclear whether structural abnormality in brain structures other than the hippocampus exists in patients with PTSD.In contrast to the emphasis on the hippocampus in previous structural MRI studies, symptom-provocation and cognitiveactivation studies using functional neuroimaging have revealed greater activation of the amygdala, anterior paralimbic structures, Broca's region, and other neocortical regions and a failure of activation of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in response to trauma-related stimuli in individuals with PTSD (1, 2, 16). Furthermore, one study (17) showed a reduced N-acetylaspartate͞creatine ratio...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Mri Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mri Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voxel-based analysis of MRI reveals anterior cingulate gray-matter volume reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism

Yamasue

Kasai

Iwanami

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

343

198

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“…reduction in ACC gray matter and underlying white matter correlates with the severity of negative symptoms and executive dysfunction (25)(26)(27)(28). Functionally, patients with schizophrenia exhibit reduced ACC and PFC metabolism at rest (29), and altered ACC and PFC activation in conflict tasks (30)(31)(32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conscious and subliminal conflicts in normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia: The role of the anterior cingulate

Dehaene

Artiges

Naccache

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

145

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The human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is active during conflict-monitoring tasks, is thought to participate with prefrontal cortices in a distributed network for conscious self-regulation. This hypothesis predicts that conflict-related ACC activation should occur only when the conflicting stimuli are consciously perceived. To dissociate conflict from consciousness, we measured the behavioral and brain imaging correlates of a motor conflict induced by task-irrelevant subliminal or conscious primes. The same task was studied in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia in whom the ACC and prefrontal cortex are thought to be dysfunctional. Conscious, but not subliminal, conflict affected anterior cingulate activity in normal subjects. Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia, who exhibited a hypoactivation of the ACC and other frontal, temporal, hippocampal, and striatal sites, showed impaired conscious priming but normal subliminal priming. Those findings suggest that subliminal conflicts are resolved without ACC contribution and that the ACC participates in a distributed conscious control network that is altered in schizophrenia.neuroimaging ͉ priming ͉ consciousness ͉ psychiatry

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Progressive Gray Matter Reduction of the Superior Temporal Gyrus During Transition to Psychosis

Takahashi¹,

Wood²,

Yung³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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314

231

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Regional changes in brain gray and white matter in patients with schizophrenia demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI

Cited by 155 publications

References 54 publications

Voxel-based analysis of MRI reveals anterior cingulate gray-matter volume reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism

Voxel-based analysis of MRI reveals anterior cingulate gray-matter volume reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism

Conscious and subliminal conflicts in normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia: The role of the anterior cingulate

Progressive Gray Matter Reduction of the Superior Temporal Gyrus During Transition to Psychosis

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