Regional Cerebral Glutamate Concentrations and Chronic Tobacco Consumption

Gallinat, Juergen; Schubert, Florian

doi:10.1055/s-2007-970144

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Trend level correlations between NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr were no longer present in the ACC in subjects with SZ; other correlations were not affected by smoking status. Our findings are in support of previous reports by Gallinat, as they did not see effects of cigarette smoking on cingulate or hippocampal glutamate concentration or NAA levels in the ACC, but we did not replicate their finding of lower NAA levels in the left hippocampus of smokers (Gallinat and Schubert, 2007;.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Patients with SZ have high rates of smoking (Dervaux and Laqueille, 2008). Decreased NAA and choline, but not glutamate levels in smokers have been reported (Durazzo et al, 2004;Gallinat and Schubert, 2007;. To alleviate this bias we attempted to match subjects on smoking status, but overall smoking rates in our sample were higher in subjects with SZ than healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional Decoupling of N-acetyl-aspartate and Glutamate in Schizophrenia

Kraguljac

Reid

White

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) allows the non-invasive measurement of several metabolites, including N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), an amino acid exclusively synthesized in the mitochondria of neurons, and glutamate, an amino acid involved in excitatory neurotransmission and metabolism. In view of recent postmortem studies in schizophrenia (SZ) revealing mitochondrial abnormalities as well as perturbed expression of the enzymes regulating the glutamate-glutamine cycle, we hypothesized that a disruption in the homeostasis of NAA and glutamate in SZ is present. Fifty subjects with SZ and 48 matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this ¹H-MRS study. Voxels were placed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus; NAA/Cr and glutamate + glutamine (Glx)/Cr ratios were obtained. We did not find any significant differences between the groups in metabolite levels in both the ACC and hippocampus. In the hippocampus we found that NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr ratios were significantly correlated in HC (r=0.40, p<0.01 (corrected p=0.048)) but not in SZ (r=-0.06; p=0.71), a difference that was statistically significant (z=2.22, p=0.02). Although no differences in neurometabolites between SZ and HC were apparent, correlations between NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr in healthy subjects in the hippocampus were found, and this correlation was lost in subjects with SZ. To our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest decoupling of these metabolites, a pathophysiological change that may be unique to SZ. However, these results warrant replication and further exploration before definite conclusions can be drawn.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Decoupling of N-acetyl-aspartate and Glutamate in Schizophrenia

Kraguljac

Reid

White

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…We have observed significant reduction in glutamate levels among smokers [18]. These results are in contrast to the results reported for hippocampus and cingulate cortex region of brain, where no change in glutamate concentration was found among smokers [19].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Smoking Related Changes in Neurotransmitters in African Americans

Mishra¹,

Mandal²,

Mandal³

2011

J Bioproces Biotechniq

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Smoking is a most common way of tobacco consumption that provides a pleasurable effect by modulating neurotransmitters in the brain. African Americans (AA) have shown higher susceptibility to nicotine consumption and highest rate of mortality due to cancer. In this study we have examined the levels of 6 neurotransmitters in AA smokers and compared them with nonsmokers of same population. We observed decrease in plasma levels of glutamate and increase in serotonin, epinephrine and dopamine. The level of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and norepinephrine was not changed significantly. The results, in part, explain the basis of higher nicotine susceptibility in AAs and will be helpful to develop population specific strategies for smoking cessation.

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“…Since Cho is higher in glial cells than in neurons (Brand et al 1993;Urenjak et al 1993), the positive correlation between ACC Cho concentration and smoking history might suggest local pathological sequelae, such as microglial proliferation, due to heavy smoking. A second study assessed Glu in 13 current chronic smokers, nine former smokers, and 16 nonsmokers in the left hippocampus and ACC (Gallinat and Schubert 2007). The result did not support significant group differences in Glu in either region.…”

Section: Non-absmentioning

confidence: 85%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Cigarette Smoking

Azizian

Monterosso

O’Neill

et al. 2009

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

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This chapter reviews studies that have applied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) toward a better understanding of the neurobiological correlates and consequences of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence. The findings demonstrate that smokers differ from nonsmokers in regional brain structure and neurochemistry, as well as in activation in response to smoking-related stimuli and during the execution of cognitive tasks. We also review functional neuroimaging studies on the effects of nicotine administration on brain activity, both at rest and during the execution of cognitive tasks, independent of issues related to nicotine withdrawal and craving. Although chronic cigarette smoking is associated with poor cognitive performance, acute nicotine administration appears to enhance cognitive performance and increase neural efficiency in smokers.

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Regional Cerebral Glutamate Concentrations and Chronic Tobacco Consumption

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Regional Decoupling of N-acetyl-aspartate and Glutamate in Schizophrenia

Regional Decoupling of N-acetyl-aspartate and Glutamate in Schizophrenia

Smoking Related Changes in Neurotransmitters in African Americans

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Cigarette Smoking

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