Regional brain volumes and cognition in childhood epilepsy: Does size really matter?

Zelko, Frank; Pardoe, Heath R.; Blackstone, Sarah; Jackson, Graeme D.; Berg, Anne T.

doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.02.003

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The changes in EEG-recorded waves will depend on the number of epileptic seizures. Referring to findings of the study which are also confirmed by other research (Zelko, Pardoe, Blackstone, Jackson & Berg, 2014) we can acknowledge the superiority of biological factors over other psycho-social factors in determining the severity of symptoms of the occurrence of epilepsy in children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Exploring the Psychological Risk Factors in Children with Epilepsy

Kuqi¹,

Elshani²,

Dervishi³

et al. 2020

OJPR

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There are many factors that aggravate the clinical picture of children diagnosed with epilepsy. Through this study we will explore risk factors related to disease characteristics, cognitive impairments, intelligence and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy. Methods: Based on the medical data of children diagnosed with epilepsy being treated at the Pediatric Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Pristina, and the “Hope” Psychological Outpatient Center in Kosovo, about 100 epileptic children, 55 female and 45 male, aged between 6 and 11 years of school age were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA), Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (IQ), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) tests. Results: Children participating in the study reveals a predomination of the generalized epilepsy, which continue to be treated with anti-epileptics for more than 3 years. From them 67% did not show the presence of another co-neurological deficit. Neurological tests show evidences of moderate EEG changes in some children and MRI registrations in 65% of children are unchanged and continue to be treated with 1 or 2 antiepileptic drugs for being under control. Intelligence, cognitive and behavioral problems in cases where they were associated with a number of neuropsychological characteristics increase the risk of a disease aggravation and compromise their overall development. Discussion: We can imply that based on the severity of these concomitant factors of the epileptic conditions, they will constitute a high-risk factor for cognitive problems, low intelligence and the emergence of a number of internalizing and externalizing problems of the child with epilepsy. Conclusions: As a risk factor that increases the level of difficulty of epileptic children in some contexts, including general functioning, school, family and social context, the presence of neurobiological and neuropsychological factors such as issues in internalizing and externalizing behaviors, problems in the cognitive field and the IQ are seen, which is also expected to affect the overall development of children’s quality of life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Exploring the Psychological Risk Factors in Children with Epilepsy

Kuqi¹,

Elshani²,

Dervishi³

et al. 2020

OJPR

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“…[148]20134healthy72.600.00reportedperformanceWAIS-III: ss3270.34Zelko et al . [149]20134healthy14.9053.00reportedFSIQWAIS or WISC: voc, sim, pc, bd, arith, ds, ss360.25Zelko et al . [149]20134patients14.6049.00reportedFSIQWAIS or WISC: voc, sim, pc, bd, arith, ds, ss1080.23Zelko et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[149]20134healthy14.9053.00reportedFSIQWAIS or WISC: voc, sim, pc, bd, arith, ds, ss360.25Zelko et al . [149]20134patients14.6049.00reportedFSIQWAIS or WISC: voc, sim, pc, bd, arith, ds, ss1080.23Zelko et al . [149]20134patients14.6049.00reportedverbalWAIS or WISC: voc, sim1080.23Zelko et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of differing methods, disputed estimates and discordant interpretations: the meta-analytical multiverse of brain volume and IQ associations

et al. 2022

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Brain size and IQ are positively correlated. However, multiple meta-analyses have led to considerable differences in summary effect estimations, thus failing to provide a plausible effect estimate. Here we aim at resolving this issue by providing the largest meta-analysis and systematic review so far of the brain volume and IQ association (86 studies; 454 effect sizes from k = 194 independent samples; N = 26 000+) in three cognitive ability domains (full-scale, verbal, performance IQ). By means of competing meta-analytical approaches as well as combinatorial and specification curve analyses, we show that most reasonable estimates for the brain size and IQ link yield r -values in the mid-0.20s, with the most extreme specifications yielding r s of 0.10 and 0.37. Summary effects appeared to be somewhat inflated due to selective reporting, and cross-temporally decreasing effect sizes indicated a confounding decline effect, with three quarters of the summary effect estimations according to any reasonable specification not exceeding r = 0.26, thus contrasting effect sizes were observed in some prior related, but individual, meta-analytical specifications. Brain size and IQ associations yielded r = 0.24, with the strongest effects observed for more g -loaded tests and in healthy samples that generalize across participant sex and age bands.

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“…Recent neuroimaging research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has sought to shed light on possible shared neural mechanisms underlying epilepsy and ADHD comorbidity 1 , 10 , 37 – 39 . While some evidence implicates shared neurobiological abnormalities 40 , 41 , other studies suggest that independent factors are at play 10 , 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood epilepsy and ADHD comorbidity in an Indian tertiary medical center outpatient population

Choudhary

Gulati

Sagar

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its characteristics and risk factors in children with epilepsy at a tertiary medical center in New Delhi. Children with active epilepsy, aged 6 to 12 years, were assessed for ADHD using DSM-IV-TR criteria. Epilepsy and psychiatric characteristics, sociodemographic indicators, and use of antiepileptic drugs were analyzed for differences between the ADHD and non-ADHD groups. Among the 73 children with epilepsy, 23% (n = 17) had comorbid ADHD, of whom 59% (n = 10) had predominantly inattentive type, 35% (n = 6) combined type, and 6% (n = 1) predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. Lower IQ scores, epileptiform EEG activity, not attending school, and male sex were significantly associated with comorbid ADHD in children with epilepsy. Groups were similar in terms of age, socioeconomic indicators, family history of psychiatric disorders, seizure frequency in the last six months, seizure etiology, and seizure type. Epilepsy is a common pediatric neurological condition with frequent psychiatric comorbidities, including ADHD. Specialists should collaborate to optimize treatment for children with epilepsy and ADHD, especially for families in developing countries where the burden of disease can be great.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common comorbidity experienced by children with epilepsy, and is associated with problems in social functioning, learning, quality of life, and academic attainment 1-4 . Several factors may contribute to this comorbidity 5,6 , including underlying brain pathology, chronic effects of seizures, epileptiform brain activity as seen on electroencephalogram (EEG), and effects of antiepileptic drugs 7 (AEDs). This comorbidity also presents challenges to clinicians in determining a medication regimen and treatment plan 8 .The reported prevalence of ADHD in children with epilepsy from high-income countries ranges from 23 to 70%, depending on sample studied and criteria used for diagnosis 1,9-11 , which is much higher than the reported worldwide pooled prevalence of ADHD of 5.3% 12 . Prevalence estimates of behavioral comorbidities in epileptic children and adolescents in India ranges from 40 to 54% 4,13,14 . In India, several studies have investigated psychopathology in children with epilepsy 4,13-18 ; however, research focused on characterizing the ADHD comorbidity in epilepsy has been limited 19 .This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of ADHD and its subtypes among children with epilepsy at an urban tertiary medical center. Measures of epilepsy severity, academic and sociodemographic factors, and use of AEDs were compared to describe the clinical profile of this pediatric group. MethodsParticipants. In this cross-sectional, observational study, children diagnosed with active epilepsy attending the outpatient services

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Regional brain volumes and cognition in childhood epilepsy: Does size really matter?

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Exploring the Psychological Risk Factors in Children with Epilepsy

Exploring the Psychological Risk Factors in Children with Epilepsy

Of differing methods, disputed estimates and discordant interpretations: the meta-analytical multiverse of brain volume and IQ associations

Childhood epilepsy and ADHD comorbidity in an Indian tertiary medical center outpatient population

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