Regional and Historical Aspects of Lead Pollution in Britain

Lee, J. A.; Tallis, John

doi:10.1038/245216a0

Cited by 158 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…3). The herbarium specimens were used to document the impact of exotic species on the floristic composition of urban or natural areas 4,5 and also to study pollution caused by carbon dioxide [6][7][8] , hydrocarbons 9 , heavy metals [10][11][12] , nitrogen [13][14][15] and phosphorus 16 . The relevance of herbarium specimens for reconstructing phenological changes associated with climate warming is well established [17][18][19] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Herbarium of Kerala forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India

Sreekumar¹,

Hussain²,

Renuka³

2017

Current Science

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Herbarium of Kerala forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India

Sreekumar¹,

Hussain²,

Renuka³

2017

Current Science

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“…While there is a concentration of metal enrichment records within Europe and to a lesser extent North America (see Hong et al, 1994;Le Roux et al, 2004;Lee and Tallis, 1973;Livett et al, 1979;Martínez-Cortizas et al, 1997b;Mighall et al, 2009;Monna et al, 2004;Murozumi et al, 1969;Norton and Kahl, 1987;Shotyk et al, 1998;Shotyk et al, 2005b;Weiss et al, 1997;Yang et al, 2002;Zheng et al, 2007), elsewhere the chronology and scale of metal enrichment is less well understood and relies on only a few studies. This is particularly so in the Southern Hemisphere where the few existing studies are largely confined to South America and Antarctica (Cooke et al, 2007;De Vleeschouwer et al, 2014;Marx et al, 2010;McConnell et al, 2014;Vallelonga et al, 2002).…”

Section: The State Of Knowledge and Key Knowledge Gaps In The Fate Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the wider landscape, these studies have typically selected archives which most directly reflect the state of the atmosphere, such as ice cores and peat mires (Lee and Tallis, 1973;Murozumi et al, 1969). Less well understood are the differences between archive types and the factors that control metal transport and the relative potential for metal accumulation or concentration across the landscape.…”

Section: Atmospheric Industrial Metals In the Earth's Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach also has the advantage of allowing metal contamination to be quantified relative to natural background concentrations by analysing the composition of the pre-contamination (older) section of the archive (e.g. Lee and Tallis, 1973;Murozumi et al, 1969;Shirahata et al, 1980;Shotyk, 1996b).…”

Section: The State Of Knowledge and Key Knowledge Gaps In The Fate Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This typically includes peat mires and ice (e.g. Glooschenko et al, 1986;Hong et al, 1994;Le Roux et al, 2004;Lee and Tallis, 1973;Livett et al, 1979;Martínez-Cortizas et al, 1997a;Murozumi et al, 1969;Renberg et al, 2002;Shotyk et al, 1996;Vallelonga et al, 2002;Weiss et al, 1997). …”

Section: The State Of Knowledge and Key Knowledge Gaps In The Fate Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fate of atmospheric metal pollutants in the landscape, Snowy Mountains, south-eastern Australia

Stromsoe¹

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Industrial metals, emitted to the atmosphere by human activity, have been transported and deposited to almost every location on Earth, including Antarctica and Greenland. This is demonstrated by an increasing body of literature in which many atmospheric industrial metals (e.g. Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu) have been shown to be significantly enriched in environmental archives. Studies have largely focussed on peat mires and ice cores, which receive high rates of atmospheric deposition relative to terrestrial inputs. By contrast, few studies have examined the extent of atmospherically derived metals across the wider landscape, where processes such as pedogenesis, erosion and sedimentation affect the spatial extent and magnitude of metal enrichment. In the Snowy Mountains, Australia, atmospheric pollutant metals have previously been identified in alpine peat mires, although their impact on the wider environment has not been assessed. Interest in the fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Snowy Mountains has increased due to the operation of a cloud seeding program in which, silver iodide, AgI, is released to the atmosphere, leading to concerns that silver, Ag, contamination may be accumulating in this ecologically important region. This thesis examines the spatial extent and magnitude of atmospherically derived metals in the SnowyMountains by investigating patterns of enrichment in a range of geomorphic settings and catchment positions, including in soils, peat mires, lakes and reservoirs. The potential movement of metals through the landscape was also assessed by examining rates of geomorphic processes, including rates of pedogenesis and erosion, determined via radionuclides. The thesis was undertaken in three parts which are summarised below. by atmospheric deposition (ombrotrophic peat mires in the upper parts of catchments), the order and magnitude of metal enrichment most closely resembled that of collected aerosols, however, on average enrichment was 5-7 fold lower than in the aerosols. Metals most sensitive to enrichment, i.e., those with low natural abundance in local sediments (Cd, Ag, Sb, Mo), were enriched in all environments including the most geomorphically active settings (tarn lake sediments). In reservoirs, located lower in catchments, patterns of metal enrichment largely reflected concentrations in catchment soils but metals were additionally enriched or depleted depending on their relative particle reactivity. For those metals which are most sensitive to enrichment (Ag, Cd, Sb), the increase in excess flux required to reach trigger value concentrations is lowest in the reservoir sediments (Ag: 13-18, Cd: 7-10 and Sb: 17-61 times the current flux) and highest in the tarn lake (Ag: 60, Cd: 15, Sb: 27 times the current flux) and the peat mire (Ag: 74, Cd: 15, Sb: 18 times the current flux).In part three of this thesis, rates of soil production and soil erosion were quantified using radiocarbon dating, fallout radionuclides and sediment yields in lakes and reservoirs in order to assess the stability of l...

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Peat bogs in northern Alberta, Canada reveal decades of declining atmospheric Pb contamination

Shotyk

Appleby

Bicalho

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Peat cores were collected from six bogs in northern Alberta to reconstruct changes in the atmospheric deposition of Pb, a valuable tracer of human activities. In each profile, the maximum Pb enrichment is found well below the surface. Radiometric age dating using three independent approaches (14C measurements of plant macrofossils combined with the atmospheric bomb pulse curve, plus 210Pb confirmed using the fallout radionuclides 137Cs and 241Am) showed that Pb contamination has been in decline for decades. Today, the surface layers of these bogs are comparable in composition to the “cleanest” peat samples ever found in the Northern Hemisphere, from a Swiss bog ~ 6000 to 9000 years old. The lack of contemporary Pb contamination in the Alberta bogs is testimony to successful international efforts of the past decades to reduce anthropogenic emissions of this potentially toxic metal to the atmosphere.

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Regional and Historical Aspects of Lead Pollution in Britain

Cited by 158 publications

References 6 publications

Virtual Herbarium of Kerala forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India

Virtual Herbarium of Kerala forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India

The fate of atmospheric metal pollutants in the landscape, Snowy Mountains, south-eastern Australia

Peat bogs in northern Alberta, Canada reveal decades of declining atmospheric Pb contamination

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