Region-specific encoding of sensory and affective components of pain in the human brain: A positron emission tomography correlation analysis

Tölle, Thomas R.; Kaufmann, Tanja; Siessmeier, Thomas; Lautenbacher, Stefan; Berthele, Achim; Munz, Frank; Zieglgänsberger, W.; Willoch, Frode; Schwaiger, Markus; Conrad, Bastian; Bartenstein, Peter

doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199901)45:1<40::aid-art8>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 351 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, lesions to the dorsal portion of the ACC (dACC) (4) or insula (5) result in patients reporting that they are no longer bothered by painful stimulation even though they can still perceive it. Similarly, neuroimaging studies have shown that the dACC tracks the affective component of pain (6) and is closely correlated with perceived pain unpleasantness (7)(8)(9). Analogous results have been found for the anterior insula, particularly with respect to chronic pain (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is associated with dispositional and neural sensitivity to social rejection

Way

Taylor

Eisenberger

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

237

195

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Scientific understanding of social pain-the hurt feelings resulting from social rejection, separation, or loss-has been facilitated by the hypothesis that such feelings arise, in part, from some of the same neural and neurochemical systems that generate the unpleasant feelings resulting from physical pain. Accordingly, in animals, the painkiller morphine not only alleviates the distress of physical pain, but also the distress of social separation. Because morphine acts on the -opioid receptor, we examined whether variation in the -opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), as measured by the functional A118G polymorphism, was associated with individual differences in rejection sensitivity. Participants (n ‫؍‬ 122) completed a self-report inventory of dispositional sensitivity to social rejection and a subsample (n ‫؍‬ 31) completed a functional MRI session in which they were rejected from an online ball-tossing game played with two supposed others. The A118G polymorphism was associated with dispositional sensitivity to rejection in the entire sample and in the fMRI subsample. Consistent with these results, G allele carriers showed greater reactivity to social rejection in neural regions previously shown to be involved in processing social pain as well as the unpleasantness of physical pain, particularly the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula. Furthermore, dACC activity mediated the relationship between the A118G polymorphism and dispositional sensitivity to rejection, suggesting that this is a critical site for -opioid-related influence on social pain. Taken together, these data suggest that the A118G polymorphism specifically, and the -opioid receptor more generally, are involved in social pain in addition to physical pain.anterior cingulate ͉ brain ͉ exclusion ͉ genetic ͉ social pain

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mentioning

confidence: 64%

Variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is associated with dispositional and neural sensitivity to social rejection

Way

Taylor

Eisenberger

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

237

195

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“…imaging studies showing more than one pain-evoked activation focus with different stimulus-response functions within ACC (45)(46)(47)(48)(49). These activation foci are located in anterior as well as in posterior regions of the ACC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical representation of first and second pain sensation in humans

Ploner

Groß

Timmermann

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

203

109

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Single painful stimuli evoke two successive and qualitatively distinct sensations referred to as first and second pain sensation. Peripherally, the neural basis of this phenomenon is a dual pathway for pain with A␦ and C fibers mediating first and second pain, respectively. Yet, the differential cortical correlates of both sensations are largely unknown. We therefore used magnetoencephalography to record and directly compare first and second painrelated cortical responses to cutaneous laser stimuli in humans. Our results show that brief painful stimuli evoke sustained cortical activity corresponding to sustained pain perception comprising early first pain-related and late second pain-related components. Cortical activity was located in primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices and anterior cingulate cortex. Time courses of activations disclosed that first pain was particularly related to activation of S1 whereas second pain was closely related to anterior cingulate cortex activation. Both sensations were associated with S2 activation. These results correspond to the different perceptual characteristics of both sensations and probably reflect different biological functions of first and second pain. First pain signals threat and provides precise sensory information for an immediate withdrawal, whereas second pain attracts longerlasting attention and motivates behavioral responses to limit further injury and optimize recovery. I t is a unique perceptual phenomenon that single painful stimuli yield two successive and qualitatively distinct sensations referred to as first and second pain sensation (1-4). First pain is brief, pricking, and well localized, whereas second pain is longer-lasting, burning, and less well localized. Peripherally, the neural basis of this phenomenon is a dual pathway for pain with A␦ and C fibers mediating first and second pain, respectively (2, 3). Different conduction velocities of both fiber types of about 10-20 and 1 m/s (5, 6) account for the temporal sequence of both sensations with reaction times to first pain of 400-500 ms and to second pain of about 1,000 ms after application of painful stimuli to the hand (1, 2, 4, 7).The biological functions and the differential cortical correlates of first and second pain are less well known. Anatomical, physiological, and lesion studies in humans and animals have revealed an extensive cortical network associated with sensory, cognitive, and affective aspects of pain (for review, see ref. 8). This network consistently includes primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices, insular cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, only a few studies disentangled A␦ and C fiber activations and, thus, first and second pain. Neurophysiological recordings in humans revealed early A␦ fibermediated activations in S1, S2, and ACC (for review, see ref. 8), whereas C fiber-mediated cortical responses at latencies of about 1,000 ms have been shown in scalp recordings (9-13) but have not yet been consistently localized. Conversely, ...

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“…They concluded that this was a direct morphological correlate for the occurrence of nerve-mediated effects in this region. Indicating a sensitization of sensory afferents (nociceptors) to mechanical stimuli, local pain may persist even after the initial irritation has disappeared [56]. Use of a local anesthetic has been shown to alter local release of neuropeptides [5,29,39,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive low‐energy shock wave application without local anesthesia is more efficient than repetitive low‐energy shock wave application with local anesthesia in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis

Rompe

Meurer

Nafe

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Background: It remains unclear whether application of local anesthesia (LA) interferes with clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for chronic plantar fasciitis.Aims: To evaluate the effect of local anesthesia on the clinical outcome after repetitive low-energy ESWT for chronic plantar fasciitis.Methods: Eighty-six patients with chronic plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to receive either low-energy ESWT without

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Region-specific encoding of sensory and affective components of pain in the human brain: A positron emission tomography correlation analysis

Cited by 351 publications

References 40 publications

Variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is associated with dispositional and neural sensitivity to social rejection

Variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is associated with dispositional and neural sensitivity to social rejection

Cortical representation of first and second pain sensation in humans

Repetitive low‐energy shock wave application without local anesthesia is more efficient than repetitive low‐energy shock wave application with local anesthesia in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis

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