Region and task-specific activation of Arc in primary motor cortex of rats following motor skill learning

Hosp, Jonas A.; Mann, Susan G.; Wegenast‐Braun, Bettina M.; Calhoun, Michael E.; Luft, Andreas R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.060

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The animals are trained to reach with their preferred forepaw toward a food pellet, to grasp and retrieve it [6]. Using this paradigm, learning-induced changes have been described with respect to dendritic morphology [15,16], turnover of synaptic spines [17], gene expression [18,19], synaptic weights [20] and motor cortical maps [21]. To maintain comparability with these studies, key features of the SRT with respect to workspace, setup and featured motion sequence (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a task in which the forelimb is used to a similar amount but this use does not trigger learning to the same extent. Activity control tasks are often used in motor learning experiments and are associated with different neuroplastic changes than learning tasks [16,18,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our experimental model is well suited to answer this question, e.g. by combining behavioral analyses with in vivo electrophysiological measurements and post hoc immunohistochemistry against cellular markers of learning and activity like cFOS or Arc [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sub-processes of motor learning revealed by a robotic manipulandum for rodents

Lambercy

Schubring-Giese

Vigaru

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sub-processes of motor learning revealed by a robotic manipulandum for rodents

Lambercy

Schubring-Giese

Vigaru

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…This task bears the disadvantage that changes in response to mass movements of the forelimb can hardly be differentiated from changes due learning the skilled grasp with the paw. However, a task that included gross forelimb movements also required motor learning to certain degree and induced plastic changes within M1 as shown in previous work from our group (Hosp, Mann, Wegenast-Braun, Calhoun, and Luft, 2013). To enable a sharp-cut differentiation of motor-learning related genes, we decided to choose a control paradigm that lacks an involvement of forelimb movements.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Behavioral Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal course of gene expression during motor memory formation in primary motor cortex of rats

Hertler

Buitrago

Luft

et al. 2016

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Motor learning is associated with plastic reorganization of neural networks in primary motor cortex (M1) that depends on changes in gene expression. Here, we investigate the temporal profile of these changes during motor memory formation in response to a skilled reaching task in rats. mRNA-levels were measured 1h, 7h and 24h after the end of a training session using microarray technique. To assure learning specificity, trained animals were compared to a control group. In response to motor learning, genes are sequentially regulated with high time-point specificity and a shift from initial suppression to later activation. The majority of regulated genes can be linked to learning-related plasticity. In the gene-expression cascade following motor learning, three different steps can be defined: (1) an initial suppression of genes influencing gene transcription. (2) Expression of genes that support translation of mRNA in defined compartments. (3) Expression of genes that immediately mediates plastic changes. Gene expression peaks after 24h -this is a much slower time-course when compared to hippocampusdependent learning, where peaks of gene-expression can be observed 6-12h after training ended. AbstractMotor learning is associated with plastic reorganization of neural networks in primary motor cortex (M1) that depends on changes in gene expression. Here, we investigate the temporal profile of these changes during motor memory formation in response to a skilled reaching task in rats. mRNA-levels were measured 1h, 7h and 24h after the end of a training session using microarray technique. To assure learning specificity, trained animals were compared to a control group. In response to motor learning, genes are sequentially regulated with high time-point specificity and a shift from initial suppression to later activation. The majority of regulated genes can be linked to learning-related plasticity. In the gene-expression cascade following motor learning, three different steps can be defined: 1) an initial suppression of genes influencing gene transcription. 2) Expression of genes that support translation of mRNA in defined compartments. 3) Expression of genes that immediately mediates plastic changes. Gene expression peaks after 24 hours -this is a much slower time-course when compared to hippocampus-dependent learning, where peaks of geneexpression can be observed 6 to 12 hours after training ended.3

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“…In rodents that learn a motor task [3], plastic changes within M1 have been observed in the form of structural modification in dendrites [4] and their spines [5], in gene expression [6,7], synaptic weights [8] and motor maps [9]. With respect to the temporal profile of plastic changes, an initial phase of growth is followed by a subsequent phase of maturation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biphasic plasticity of dendritic fields in layer V motor neurons in response to motor learning

Gloor

Luft

Hosp

2015

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Motor learning is associated with plastic reorganization of neural networks in primary motor cortex (M1) that advances through stages. An initial increment in spine formation is followed by pruning and maturation one week after training ended. A similar biphasic course was described for the size of the forelimb representation in M1. This study investigates the evolution of the dendritic architecture in response to motor skill training using Golgy-Cox silver impregnation in rat M1. After learning of a unilateral forelimb-reaching task to plateau performance, an increase in dendritic length of layer V pyramidal neurons (i.e. motor neurons) was observed that peaked one month after training ended. This increment in dendritic length reflected an expansion of the distal dendritic compartment. After one month dendritic arborization shrinks even though animals retain task performance. This pattern of evolution was observed for apical and basal dendrites alike -although the increase in dendritic length occurs faster in basal than in apical dendrites. Dendritic plasticity in response to motor training follows a biphasic course with initial expansion and subsequent shrinkage. This evolution takes fourth as long as the biphasic reorganization of spines or motor representations. AbstractMotor learning is associated with plastic reorganization of neural networks in primary motor cortex (M1) that advances through stages. Dendritic spines grow initially followed by pruning and maturation approximately one week after training ended. A similar biphasic course was described for the size of the forelimb representation in M1. This study investigates the evolution of the dendritic architecture in response to motor skill training using Golgy-Cox silver impregnation in rat M1. After learning of a unilateral forelimb-reaching task to plateau performance, an increase in dendritic length of layer V pyramidal neurons (i.e. motor neurons) was observed that peaked one month after training ended. This increment in dendritic length reflected an expansion of the distal dendritic compartment. After one month dendritic arborization shrinks even though animals retain task performance. This pattern of evolution was observed for apical and basal dendrites alike -although the increase in dendritic length occurs faster in basal than in apical dendrites. Dendritic plasticity in response to motor training follows a biphasic course with initial expansion and subsequent shrinkage. This evolution takes fourth as long as the biphasic reorganization of spines or motor representations.3

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Region and task-specific activation of Arc in primary motor cortex of rats following motor skill learning

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Sub-processes of motor learning revealed by a robotic manipulandum for rodents

Sub-processes of motor learning revealed by a robotic manipulandum for rodents

Temporal course of gene expression during motor memory formation in primary motor cortex of rats

Biphasic plasticity of dendritic fields in layer V motor neurons in response to motor learning

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