Regenerative Potential of Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous (SHED) Teeth during Engineering of Human Body Tissues

Abstract

Abstract:: Current decade witnesses the regenerative potential of stem cells (SCs) based life-saving therapies for the treatment of various disease and conditions. Human teeth act as reservoir for SCs that exist with high abundance in baby, wisdom, and permanent teeth. The collection of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) is considered as a simple process as it offers the convenience of little or no pain. In comparison to the SCs from dental or bone marrow or other tissues, the SHED offers the benefit of higher cellular differentiation and proliferation. Massive in vitro and in vivo studies reveal the regenerative potential of SHED in the engineering of dental pulp tissue, neuronal tissue, root, bio root, cardiovascular tissues, lymphatic tissues, renal tissues, dermal tissues, hepatic tissues, and bone tissues. Current review describes the methods of collection/isolation/storage, various biomarkers, and types of SHED. This review highlights the regenerative potential of SHED in the engineering of different tissues of human body. As per the available research evidences present study supports that SHED may differentiate into the endothelial cells, neurons, odontoblasts, pancreatic

Applications of regenerative techniques in adult orthodontics

“…A variety of MSC types [including from bone marrow, PDL, dental follicles (DFCs) and dental pulp] have been successfully differentiated into cementoblast-like cells and increased cementum formation (50). Odontoblasts have been successfully derived from a range of dental-derived MSCs (51, 52); DFCs show superior dentine regeneration capacity to PDLSCs, producing more complete dentine tissues and capable of growing root and periodontal tissue in pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies (53,54). Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have been shown to possess similar odontogenic differentiation capacity to DFCs in in vivo experiments, with the additional advantage of simple harvesting methods; consequently, much research interest is focused on exploring SHEDs' potential for bio-root regeneration (55, 56).…”

Dental stem cells and tissue regeneration in odontology: a brief systematic review

“…After removing any adhered soft tissues, the elements are immersed in a DMEM culture medium, kept between 4 and 8 °C, and sent to a laboratory for isolation and cultivation of SC. After being isolated and cultivated, as they are mesenchymal SCs, they can be used for the therapy of the most diverse pathologies of the nervous system, vascular system, heart, skin, pancreas, liver, eyes, muscles, lungs, kidneys, cartilage, intestines, bones, among others [1][2][3].…”

“…Numerous types of stem cells have been isolated from dental tissue, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), human pulp stem cells isolated from exfoliated primary teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), apical papillary stem (SCAP) and dental follicular cells (DFC). All these cells can regenerate tooth tissue [1,2].…”

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth attenuate trigeminal neuralgia in rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress

“…Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which represent a group of immature stem cells, can be easily obtained and isolated using noninvasive procedures [ 2 ]. SHED can stay undifferentiated and stable without alterations in their biological and immunological features for a long time, and therefore are important in tissue engineering and stem cell therapy [ 3 ]. Under non-neural induction conditions, SHED can express neural markers, including nestin, glutamate decarboxylase, neuron-specific nucleoprotein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament protein, which could be attributed to the dental pulp originating from the neural crest [ 4 ].…”