Regenerative Potential of Perichondrium: A Tissue Engineering Perspective

Gvaramia, David; Kern, Johann; Jakob, Yvonne; Zenobi‐Wong, Marcy; Rotter, Nicole

doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0054

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the RT-PCR analyses showed an increase in the gene expression of specific marker genes for mature cartilage, such as SOX-9 and collagen II over 12 weeks in vivo (Figure 9). However, it cannot be excluded that progenitor cells from the perichondrium of the remaining local cartilage are responsible for the generation of neo-cartilage within the PUfibrin construct since there is strong evidence for the existence of multipotent progenitor cells in the perichondrium [57][58][59][60][61]. The ASCs were not labelled before implantation; thus, it is not possible to distinguish between implanted ASCs and resident cells in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Differentiation Behaviour of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) Seeded on Polyurethane-Fibrin Scaffolds In Vitro and In Vivo

et al. 2021

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Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches for cartilage replacement. For chondrogenic differentiation, human (h)ASCs were seeded on three-dimensional polyurethane (PU) fibrin composites and induced with a chondrogenic differentiation medium containing TGF-ß3, BMP-6, and IGF-1 in various combinations. In addition, in vitro predifferentiated cell-seeded constructs were implanted into auricular cartilage defects of New Zealand White Rabbits for 4 and 12 weeks. Histological, immunohistochemical, and RT-PCR analyses were performed on the constructs maintained in vitro to determine extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and expression of specific cartilage markers. Chondrogenic differentiated constructs showed a uniform distribution of cells and ECM proteins. RT-PCR showed increased gene expression of collagen II, collagen X, and aggrecan and nearly stable expression of SOX-9 and collagen I. Rabbit (r)ASC-seeded PU-fibrin composites implanted in ear cartilage defects of New Zealand White Rabbits showed deposition of ECM with structures resembling cartilage lacunae by Alcian blue staining. However, extracellular calcium deposition became detectable over the course of 12 weeks. RT-PCR showed evidence of endochondral ossification during the time course with the expression of specific marker genes (collagen X and RUNX-2). In conclusion, hASCs show chondrogenic differentiation capacity in vitro with the expression of specific marker genes and deposition of cartilage-specific ECM proteins. After implantation of predifferentiated rASC-seeded PU-fibrin scaffolds into a cartilage defect, the constructs undergo the route of endochondral ossification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Differentiation Behaviour of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) Seeded on Polyurethane-Fibrin Scaffolds In Vitro and In Vivo

et al. 2021

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“…For the process of endochondral ossification in the context of long bone development, it is well understood that the perichondrium plays an important role through several functions such as providing signalling cues controlling proliferation and differentiation of the chondrocytes within the condensation [37, 38], giving rise to cells that establish the bone collar as well as promoting the formation of blood vessels in the bone [39]. The perichondrium is structurally different to the cartilage as the perichondrial cells exhibit a flat morphology and are situated in a matrix characterized by a horizontal arrangement of collagen fibers [40]. We here model the mechanical influence of the surrounding tissue—including the perichondrial cell layers—on the developing cartilage through the use of rigid boundary planes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of cell behavior to geometric order in embryonic cartilage

Mathias

Adameyko

Hellander

et al. 2022

Preprint

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During early development, cartilage provides shape and stability to the embryo while serving as a blueprint for the skeleton. Correct formation of embryonic cartilage is hence essential for healthy development. In vertebrate cranial cartilage, it has been shown that a flat and laterally extended macroscopic geometry is linked to regular microscopic structure consisting of tightly packed, short, transversal clonar columns. However, it remains an ongoing challenge to identify how individual cells coordinate to successfully shape the tissue, and more precisely which mechanical interactions and cell behaviors contribute to the generation and maintenance of this columnar cartilage geometry during embryogenesis. Here, we apply a three-dimensional cell-based computational model to investigate mechanical principles contributing to column formation. The model accounts for clonal expansion, anisotropic proliferation and the geometrical arrangement of progenitor cells in space. We confirm that oriented cell divisions and repulsive mechanical interactions between cells are key drivers of column formation. In addition, the model suggests that column formation benefits from the spatial gaps created by the extracellular matrix in the initial configuration, and that column maintenance is facilitated by sequential proliferative phases. Our model thus correctly predicts the dependence of local order on division orientation and tissue thickness. The present study presents the first cell-based simulations of cell mechanics during cranial cartilage formation and we anticipate that it will be useful in future studies on the formation and growth of other cartilage geometries.

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“…Adult cartilage tissues, apart from articular and fibrocartilage, are lined with stratified tissue termed perichondrium. This dense mesenchymal fibrous layer is composed mainly of type I collagen fibers in a highly ordered orientation, the construction of which gives the tissue a similar appearance to tendon [1 ▪ ,2 ▪▪ ,3]. Perichondrium serves as a protective property, helping to bolster the cartilage against injury, and also serves to facilitate chondrogenesis [2 ▪▪ ].…”

Section: Anatomy and Biomechanics Of Perichondriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dense mesenchymal fibrous layer is composed mainly of type I collagen fibers in a highly ordered orientation, the construction of which gives the tissue a similar appearance to tendon [1 ▪ ,2 ▪▪ ,3]. Perichondrium serves as a protective property, helping to bolster the cartilage against injury, and also serves to facilitate chondrogenesis [2 ▪▪ ]. In addition, perichondrium is vascularized and provides nutrients to the underlying cartilage which lacks vascularity [4].…”

Section: Anatomy and Biomechanics Of Perichondriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early interest in perichondrium in the 19th and 20th centuries stemmed from its hypothesized regenerative properties in relation to auricular cartilage and auricular hematoma biomechanics [2 ▪▪ ,8]. A series of studies on auricular hematoma formation showed that defects created in rabbit ears were regenerated with neocartilage when perichondrium was preserved, but not when the cartilage was excised with perichondrium [4,9].…”

Section: Perichondrium Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of perichondrium on cartilage graft properties

Akkina

Most

2022

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &Amp; Head &Amp; Neck Surgery

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Purpose of review The role of perichondrium in cartilage graft survival has been long debated. Although the innate function of perichondrium in providing mechanical and regenerative support to cartilage in its native position is relatively undisputed, studies continue to vacillate over how the perichondrium effects cartilage grafts once transplanted. This review evaluates historical and recent experiments showing how perichondrium may or may not impact graft survival. Recent findings Experimental studies in animal models have more recently evaluated macroscopic and microscopic properties of diced cartilage grafts with and without perichondrium, finding that in general grafted cartilage with perichondrial components retains greater weight and mechanical strength compared with cartilage without perichondrial components. However, these findings have not been replicated in humans. Solid pieces of rib cartilage have most recently been used without perichondrium to prevent warping, though no studies have evaluated whether retaining perichondrium with oblique and concentric cutting techniques may effect overall resorption. Summary Although historical opinions and more recent animal studies suggest a role of perichondrium in cartilage graft survival, randomized controlled human studies are still lacking on whether retaining perichondrium truly effects graft survival and ultimate surgical outcomes.

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Regenerative Potential of Perichondrium: A Tissue Engineering Perspective

Cited by 15 publications

References 61 publications

Differentiation Behaviour of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) Seeded on Polyurethane-Fibrin Scaffolds In Vitro and In Vivo

Differentiation Behaviour of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) Seeded on Polyurethane-Fibrin Scaffolds In Vitro and In Vivo

Contributions of cell behavior to geometric order in embryonic cartilage

The effect of perichondrium on cartilage graft properties

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