Regenerative medicine for anal incontinence: a review of regenerative therapies beyond cells

Plair, Andre; Bennington, Julie; Williams, J. Koudy; Parker-Autry, Candace; Matthews, Catherine A.; Badlani, Gopal H.

doi:10.1007/s00192-020-04620-x

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The process of repairing the anal sphincter after injury has not been adequately studied. It is possible that the mechanism is similar to other sphincter injury repairs [ 58 ], where new smooth muscle and collagen fibers are produced by myosatellite cells [ 59 ] or fibroblasts. It is believed that stem cells are recruited to migrate towards the site of injury by cytokines such as SDF-1 [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells, and Cellular Stromal Vascular Fraction on the Repair of Acute Anal Sphincter Injury in Rats

Chen

et al. 2022

Bioengineering

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Background: Anal sphincter incontinence (ASI) can cause a serious decline in the quality of life and can cause a socioeconomic burden. Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have significant therapeutic effects on ASI, but the cost and risk of MSC harvest limit their further application. In contrast, adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC) and cellular stromal vascular fraction (CSVF) as stem cell sources have multipotency and the advantage of easy harvest. Objective: Here we aim to investigate the effects of ADSC and CSVF on treating ASI and compare them to that of bone marrow MSC. Methods: Bone marrow MSC, ADSC, and CSVF were obtained and labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and CSVF was labeled with DIL. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 5 groups. Four groups were injected with 0.2 mL phosphate buffer saline (PBS), 1 × 107/0.2 mL of MSC, ADSC, or CSVF, respectively, after model establishment. The control group received no treatment. The repair was assessed by anal functional tests and immunostaining on day 5 and day 10 after injection. Results: MSC, ADSC, and CSVF significantly promoted tissue repair and the recovery of muscle contraction and electromyographic activity in ASI. The generation of myosatellite cells by injected MSC, ADSC, and CSVF was found in the wounded area. On day 5, CSVF showed highest therapeutic effect, while on day 10, MSC and ADSC showed higher therapeutic effects than CSVF. When comparing the effects of MSC and ADSC, ADSC was slightly better than MSC in the indexes of anal pressure, etc. Conclusion: ADSC and CVSF are alternative stem cell sources for ASI repair.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells, and Cellular Stromal Vascular Fraction on the Repair of Acute Anal Sphincter Injury in Rats

Chen

et al. 2022

Bioengineering

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“…In the case of extending traumatism to the level of rectal wall, dedicated stem cells of the anal canal transition zone, positive for cytokeratin 17, participate in the healing process of the mucosa of the rectum and the anal canal [50]. On the other hand, the healing process of anal sphincters has not been thoroughly studied and it is supposed to be very similar to other muscle-healing processes [51]. Under optimal conditions, healing ultimately leads to the generation of new myofibers/smooth muscle cells from muscle satellite cells/progenitor smooth muscle cells or the reparation of damaged myofibers after fusion with muscle satellite cells [52,53].…”

Section: Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction: Balaphas et al. Cell Therapy for Anal Sphincter Incontinence: Where Do We Stand? Cells 2021, 10, 2086

Balaphas,

Meyer,

Meier

et al. 2023

Cells

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“…Current treatments for anal incontinence, a condition that affects 11–15% of the adult population, are often ineffective. Potential therapies for the treatment of anal sphincter injuries is cellular therapy with stem cells and progenitor cells [ 626 ]. Labeling of muscle progenitor cells with ultra-small IONPs allowed serial MRI monitoring of transplanted cells in an experimental rabbit model of anal sphincter repair [ 627 ].…”

Section: Other Soft Tissue Regeneration and Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

2021

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In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.

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Regenerative medicine for anal incontinence: a review of regenerative therapies beyond cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells, and Cellular Stromal Vascular Fraction on the Repair of Acute Anal Sphincter Injury in Rats

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells, and Cellular Stromal Vascular Fraction on the Repair of Acute Anal Sphincter Injury in Rats

Correction: Balaphas et al. Cell Therapy for Anal Sphincter Incontinence: Where Do We Stand? Cells 2021, 10, 2086

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

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