Regenerative medicine: characterization of human bone matrix gelatin (BMG) and folded platelet-rich fibrin (F-PRF) membranes alone and in combination (sticky bone)

Abstract

During the last two decades autologous platelet and leukocyte rich products (PRP; PRF), opened new perspectives in regenerative medicine. In particular regenerative dentistry played a pioneer role in the application of these products in bone regenerative cases. Many aspects of cytokines, such as, growth factor release, blood cell content and its characterization were reported, but some practical questions are still unanswered in the preparation of PRF membranes and sticky bones. A new folding technique was introduced that created a good quality, pliable, and strong F-PRF membrane with a dense fibrin network and more homogenous blood cell distribution. F-PRF produced a very promising sticky bone combined with human freeze-dried cortical bone matrix gelatin (BMG). There hasn’t been much focus on the quality and character of the applied bone and the optimal membrane/bone particle ratio has not been reported. A 0.125 g BMG/ml plasma (1 g/8 ml) seems like the ideal combination with maximal BMG adhesion capacity of the membrane. Particle distribution of BMG showed that 3/4 of the particles ranged between 300–1000 µ, the remnant 1/4 was smaller than 300 µ. The whole F-PRF membrane and its parts were compared with conventional A-PRF membrane concerning their resistance against proteolytic digestion. The F-PRF was superior to A-PRF, which dissolved within 4–5 days, while F-PRF was destroyed only after 11 days, so this provides a better chance for local bone morphogenesis. The F-PRF pieces had similar resistance to the whole intact one, so they can be ideal for surgical procedures without risk of fast disintegration.

Angiogenic and Osteogenic Properties of Fibrin in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Another approach to create bone environment is by incorporating mineralized components such as calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate in inducing osteogenesis (3,41,54). A combination of biocompatible synthetic mineralized materials and fibrin biopolymer has been suggested as the right scaffold material for bone repair therapies due to clotting formation that allowing cell adhesion and proliferation (55,66). The incorporation of fibrin with any type of bone components has reduced the bone healing period since only a small amount of bone substances were needed to achieve reliable bone formation (57).…”

“…Recently, various composites of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with other biomaterials have been developed in making new regenerative bone materials (66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79). Folded PRF with human cortical bone matrix gelatin has shown better resistance against proteolytic digestion which is important in reducing the degradation rate of the bone matrices (66). Besides, a combination of PRF, silicon and autologous bone has sped up the in-vivo bone mineralization (67).…”