Regenerative Medicine and Angiogenesis; Focused on Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major concern for health with high mortality rates around the world. CVD is often associated with partial or full occlusion of the blood vessel network. Changes in lifestyle can be useful for management early-stage disease but in the advanced stage, surgical interventions or pharmacological are needed to increase the blood flow through the affected tissue or to reduce the energy requirements. Regeneration medicine is a new science that has provided many different options for treating various diseases, especially in CVD over the years. Stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and tissue engineering are some of the powerful branches of the field that have given patients great hope in improving their condition. In this review, we attempted to examine the beneficial effects, challenges, and contradictory effects of angiogenesis in vivo, and in vitro models’ studies of CVD. We hope that this information will be able to help other researchers to design new effective structures and open new avenues for the treatment of CVD with the help of angiogenesis and regeneration medicine in the future.

Shaping the Future of Cardiac Wellness: Exploring Revolutionary Approaches in Disease Management and Prevention

“…Gene therapy has also shown promise in the treatment of inherited cardiovascular diseases, such as familial hypercholesterolemia [108]. Tissue engineering approaches, such as the development of bioengineered blood vessels and heart tissues, offer the potential for personalized, regenerative therapies that can replace damaged or diseased tissues with functional, healthy tissues [109]. Table 2 outlines the unique characteristics of the major stem cell types being investigated for cardiac repair and regeneration along with their potential therapeutic applications.…”

The Exosome-Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases

“…Although a definitive treatment has still not been offered for NDDs, rapid fundamental advances in several new fields of science including nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, proteomics, stem cell therapy, genomics, gene therapy, exosome, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) technology combined with multidisciplinary approaches have opened new horizons for the treatment of NDDs and neurological diseases [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. EVs are classified into exosomes (30–150 nm), microvesicles (50–1000 nm), or apoptotic bodies (800–5000 nm) based on their size and origin [ 34 , 35 ].…”