Regenerative behavior of biomineral/agarose composite gels as bone grafting materials in rat cranial defects

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the biological behavior of Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/agarose and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/agarose composite gels by an alternate soaking process used for the treatment of surgically produced bone defects in rat cranium. We designed the following four groups: (i) HAp (HAp/agarose composite gel), (ii) CaCO3 (CaCO3/agarose composite gel), (iii) Agarose (bare agarose gel), and (iv) Defect (no filling materials). We subdivided (i) (ii) (iii) into two application types as a (I) Homogenized Group (homogenized materials) and a (II) Disk Group (disk shaped materials). We assessed samples by radiological and histological analyses 0, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. The results indicated that the composite gels showed higher radiopacity in microfocus-computed tomography (muCT) images and showed higher volume in quantitative analyses using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) than the Agarose and Defect groups. The histological examination showed characteristic images due to each application form. Consequently, HAp and CaCO3/agarose composite gels can be expected to accelerate the speed of producing more new bone associated with osteogenesis. These novel biomaterials play an important role as an alternative biocompatible and biodegradable bone grafting filler material for autogenous bone.

Biomineralization on chemically synthesized collagen containing immobilized poly-γ-glutamic acid

“…Both apatite and calcium carbonate are reported to show high biological compatibility in vivo 25,26) . The results in the present study indicate the possibility of designing organicinorganic hybrids with different mechanical properties, bioresorbability and biological response for dental and orthopaedic applications.…”

Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels Enhance Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Osteogenic Capability

“…When either HA/agarose or CaCO 3 /agarose were implanted in rat cranial bone defects, we found that the defects were subsequently filled with newly formed bone [11]. Eight weeks after implantation, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the volume of newly formed bone in defects implanted with either HA/agarose or CaCO 3 /agarose.…”

Hydroxyapatite agarose composite gels as a biochemical material for the repair of alveolar bone defects due to cleft lip and palate

“…1). Moreover, we were unable to detect HAp particles or agarose at the site by histological examination, because HAp gel contains nanoparticles of HAp in and on the organic polymer matrix [4,5,7]. Defects of any shape can easily be filled with HAp gel because of the high plasticity of the graft material.…”

“…Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ଝ [4][5][6][7][8]. Its ability was enhanced in the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells [8].…”