Regeneration potential and survival of transplanted undifferentiated adipose tissue-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve conduits

Repairing nerve gaps by vein conduits filled with lipoaspirate-derived entire adipose tissue hinders nerve regeneration

“…Also regarding luminal fillers, the second key element in bio-engineered nerve guides, a plea has been for made for new approaches, and these are currently being explored worldwide and, similarly to conduits, both biological and synthetic mate-rial may be sought (Yan et al, 2009). As regards biological fillers, these can be both entirely autologous tissues, such as a piece of muscle (Battiston et al, 2009), as well as tissue extracts, such as stem/precursor cells (Erba et al, 2010). One of the tissues that has received a great deal of attention in tissue engineering over the last years is adipose tissue due to its extensive availability, the ease of its withdrawal from the same patient and the demonstration that it possesses stem cells (Zuk et al, 2001;Stosich and Mao, 2007;Cherubino et al, 2011;Gimble and Nuttall, 2011).…”

Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion

“…Interestingly, however, the positive effects of undifferentiated cells have also been widely reported [5,7,13,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] . These investigators claim that in vitro differentiation incurs an unnecessary delay, limiting clinical applicability.…”

“…No difference in functional, morphometric or immunohistochemistry between ADSCs and BMSCs Erba et al [45] Rat sciatic transection (10 mm gap) U Fibrin PHB conduit Lack of sufficient quantities of viable cells 14-d after transplantation; conclusion that regenerative effect due to initial growth factor boost or paracrine effect on resident cells Sun et al [51] Rat facial transection (8 mm gap) D Matrigel Decellularized allogeneic artery dADSCs persisted at repair site and integrated with regenerated tissue; conduits containing dADSCs achieved results comparable to those of SC-containing conduits and superior to matrigel-containing conduits alone; results inferior to autograft Fetal Pan et al [106] Rat sciatic crush U Fibrin glue…”

Advances in Nerve Guidance Conduit-Based Therapeutics for Peripheral Nerve Repair

“…In either case, it has been suggested that these cells evoke an early response, lasting less than 14 days, suggesting that the regenerative effect observed in the repair of a 10 mm sciatic nerve defects is mediated by an initial boost of released neurotrophic factors in the regenerative microenvironment 103,104 .…”

“…These cells have been used in combination with tubular constructs either as undifferentiated cells 104 or by differentiating the cells in vitro prior to implantation in vivo 103 , with both approaches showing promising results.…”