Regeneration of the spinal cord in the rat effects of Piromen<sup>R</sup> and acth upon the regenerative capacity

McMasters, Robert E.

doi:10.1002/cne.901190110

Cited by 34 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…In mammals, limited functional recovery and regrowth of axons may occur after injury to the spinal cord Guth, 1975; Puchala and Windle, 1977). Various experimental manipulations are reported to enhance regeneration of mammalian spinal axons: Application of an electromagnetic field (Wilson and Jagadeesh, 1976), grafting peripheral nerve into the injured cord (Kao et al, 1977; David and Aguayo, 1981), wrapping the cut end of the cord with millipore filter (Scott and Liu, 19641, and adding various chemical agents (McMasters, 1962;Bernstein et al, 1978;Feringa et al, 1979). Despite these provocative approaches, regeneration in mammalian spinal cord is limited and the mechanism underlying it appears to be largely the regrowth of cut axons, rather than the generation of new nerve cell bodies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fine structure of regenerated ependyma and spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons

1983

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The caudal-most regenerated spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons consists solely of an ependymal tube. Ependymal cells are enlarged radially and are more numerous than in unregenerated cord. Projections of ependymal cell cytoplasm and Reissner's fiber fill most of the central canal. Small groups of neurites and cell processes filled with dense-cored vesicles lie between abluminal processes of ependymal cells. Rostral to this, additional cells appear dorsal and lateral to the inner ependymal layer. Some cell bodies contain numerous dense-cored vesicles. Larger bundles of neurites, some with synapses, are present. Invaginations of the peripheral edge of the cord create enclosed spaces lined with basal lamina. In the peripheral region, longitudinally oriented neurites extend through extracellular spaces or channels. The ventral portion at some levels of regenerated cord is completely filled with neurites, processes containing dense-cord vesicles, and capillaries. Similar masses of neurites and processes containing dense-cored vesicles lie outside the cord proper, in or near the meningeal layer. In rostral-most sections, the organization of regenerated spinal cord approaches that of normal cord, with the regenerated cord exhibiting groups of myelinated axons, differentiated fibrous astrocytes and oligodendroglia, cell bodies containing dense-cored vesicles, and differentiated electromotor neurons. These observations indicate a degree of pluripotency in some of the ependymal cells in adult Sternarchus. Moreover, they are consistent with a role of ependymal cells in the guidance of regenerating neurites.

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Fine structure of regenerated ependyma and spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons

1983

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Transected dorsal column axons within the guinea pig spinal cord regenerate in the presence of an applied electric field

Borgens

Blight

Murphy

et al. 1986

J of Comparative Neurology

112

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Using an implanted battery and electrodes, we have imposed a weak, steady electrical field across partially severed guinea pig spinal cords. We have analyzed regeneration of dorsal column axons in experimental animals and sham-treated controls at 50-60 days postinjury by anterograde filling of these axons with the intracellular marker horseradish peroxidase and by employing a marking device to identify precisely the original plane of transection (J. Comp. Neurol. 250: 157-167, '86). In response to electric field applications, axons grew into the glial scar, as far as the plane of transection in most experimental animals. In a few animals axons could be traced around the margins of the lesion (but never through it). Moreover, these fibers returned to their approximate positions within the rostral spinal cord before turning toward the brain. In sham-treated controls, ascending axons were found to terminate caudal to the glial scar, and rarely were any fibers found within the scar itself. Axons were never observed to cross into the rostral cord segment. These findings suggest that an imposed electrical field promotes growth of axons within the partially severed mammalian spinal cord, that a steady voltage gradient may be an environmental component necessary for axonal development and regeneration, and that some component(s) of the scar impede or deflect axonal growth and projection.

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Influence of triiodothyronine on the amino acid uptake of brain and spinal cord in normal and spinal hemisected adult rats

Wells¹,

Lofton

Bernstein

1981

J of Neuroscience Research

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The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine appear to enhance regeneration in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS). The following experiments examine possible metabolic substrates for the action of T3 on the adult rat CNS after spinal hemisection. The protein incorporation of (3H)lysine after a left spinal hemisection (T2) or control operations was examined 1, 3, 7, and 14 days postoperation. Triiodothyronine (1 microgram/kg body weight in a bicarbonate buffer) was injected daily for the postoperation or equivalent time period. One hour prior to decapitation, animals were given a subcutaneous injection of 200 microCi of (3H)lysine. Samples of brain and spinal cord were dissolved, and the radioactivity of acid-precipitable protein and acid-soluble fractions were determined by scintillation counting. T3 treatment influenced the general levels of incorporation of all treated groups over all days postoperation. Specific effects were observed in spinal hemisected T3-treated animals. A significant hemispheric (P less than 0.05) asymmetry was present at 3 days postoperation with the right somatomotor cortex higher in protein radioactivity than the left. In spinal cord, the area of the lesion and areas just caudal to the lesion were higher in (3H)lysine incorporation in T3-treated rats relative to controls. T3 effects appear to involve an increased sensitivity of the cells of the injured nervous system to the hormone.

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Regeneration of the spinal cord in the rat effects of Piromen^R and acth upon the regenerative capacity

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Fine structure of regenerated ependyma and spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons

Fine structure of regenerated ependyma and spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons

Transected dorsal column axons within the guinea pig spinal cord regenerate in the presence of an applied electric field

Influence of triiodothyronine on the amino acid uptake of brain and spinal cord in normal and spinal hemisected adult rats

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Regeneration of the spinal cord in the rat effects of PiromenR and acth upon the regenerative capacity

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Fine structure of regenerated ependyma and spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons

Fine structure of regenerated ependyma and spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons

Transected dorsal column axons within the guinea pig spinal cord regenerate in the presence of an applied electric field

Influence of triiodothyronine on the amino acid uptake of brain and spinal cord in normal and spinal hemisected adult rats

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Regeneration of the spinal cord in the rat effects of Piromen^R and acth upon the regenerative capacity