“…PDTG were prepared as previously published. 7 Briefly, harvested tracheas were rinsed with 1X PBS with 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), then treated with 0.01% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate solution (SDS, Sigma-Aldrich, MO) for 5 min. Tracheas were washed with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl, Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ) solution three times for progressive 10-, 15-, and 20-min sessions.…”