Regeneration of NAD(H) covalently bound to formate dehydrogenase with several second enzymes

NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase

“…Continuous recycling of the cofactor bound in the vicinity of the active centre was obtained in the presence of dichlorophenol indophenol and diaphorase as second enzyme. NADI modified at the N-6 position may be covalently attached to yeast FDH [150]. The FDH-NAD+ complex thus obtained was active in reactions with LDH, MDH, alanine dehydrogenase and leucine dehydrogenase.…”

“…KM62 containing a high level of FDH activity in freeze-thawed, air-dried or acetone-dried form [147] or entrapped in various supports [148] were used to obtain NADH; 90-100 % conversion was obtained and the isolated NADH was 83 % pure. Several attempts have been made to transfer NAD(H) into some kind of prosthetic group in FDH and thus overcome one of the principal limitations of NADI-dependent dehydrogenases [149,150]. Conjugates of NADI and a water-soluble co-polymer of vinyl pyridine and acrolein form stoichiometric complexes with FDH-Ps that show high intrinsic activity in the presence of formate without any exogenous coenzyme [149].…”

Synthesis and application of water-soluble macromolecular derivatives of the redox coenzymes NAD(H), NADP(H) and FAD

“…For horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase 92.93,100) and formate dehydrogenase 99) the NAD derivatives were coupled to carboxyl side groups, whereas in other cases primary ~-amino groups of lysine were involved.…”

A System of Photocatalysis for NAD+ Regeneration of Product of (S)-1-Pheylethanol by Enzymic Catalysis

“…One approach that is commonly used in industry is whole-cell catalysis which relies on the microbial cell to both express the enzyme for regenerate the cofactor [8][9][10]. The bi-enzymatic system and electrochemical technique for efficient cofactors regeneration are also applied in industrial biocatalytic applications [11][12][13][14]. The concept of artificial photosynthesis was used to cofactor regen-eration has recently been demonstrated.…”