Regeneration of dye-saturated activated carbon through advanced oxidative processes: A review

Santos, Danilo Henrique da Silva; Xiao, Ye; Chaukura, Nhamo; Hill, Josephine M.; Rangabhashiyam, S.; Zanta, Carmem Lúcia de Paiva e Silva; Meili, Lucas

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10205

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…The reusability of the adsorbent during multiple adsorption cycles is an important piece of information for evaluating the real-world adsorption applicability because it makes the adsorption process much more affordable, efficient, and environmentally friendly [ 48 ]. Aiming to understand the possible reusability/cyclability of the SB-N-Biochar, the samples underwent five consecutive adsorption–desorption tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Biochar: Efficient Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Dye and Colorful Effluents

Ekman,

dos Reis,

Laisné

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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In this work, nitrogen-doped porous biochars were synthesized from spruce bark waste using a facile single-step synthesis process, with H3PO4 as the chemical activator. The effect of nitrogen doping on the carbon material’s physicochemical properties and adsorption ability to adsorb the Reactive Orange 16 dye and treat synthetic effluents containing dyes were evaluated. N doping did not cause an important impact on the specific surface area values, but it did cause an increase in the microporosity (from 19% to 54% of micropores). The effect of the pH showed that the RO-16 reached its highest removal level in acidic conditions. The kinetic and equilibrium data were best fitted by the Elovich and Redlich–Peterson models, respectively. The adsorption capacities of the non-doped and doped carbon materials were 100.6 and 173.9 mg g−1, respectively. Since the biochars are highly porous, pore filling was the main adsorption mechanism, but other mechanisms such as electrostatic, hydrogen bond, Lewis acid-base, and π-π between mechanisms were also involved in the removal of RO-16 using SB-N-Biochar. The adsorbent biochar materials were used to treat synthetic wastewater containing dyes and other compounds and removal efficiencies of up to 66% were obtained. The regeneration tests have demonstrated that the nitrogen-doped biochar could be recycled and reused easily, maintaining very good adsorption performance even after five cycles. This work has demonstrated that N-doped biochar is easy to prepare and can be employed as an efficient adsorbent for dye removal, helping to open up new solutions for developing sustainable and effective adsorption processes to tackle water contamination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Biochar: Efficient Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Dye and Colorful Effluents

Ekman,

dos Reis,

Laisné

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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“…The regeneration study was based on our recent publications about the subject. [52,53] The saturation of the adsorbents (LDH/CaAl-AP and LDH/CaAl-RE) was performed using a mass of 0.4 g in 200 mL of contaminants (MO and MB) with a concentration of 25 mg L À1 , where the solutions were stirred for 24 h at 140 rpm and 30 C. After that, the solutions were centrifuged to ensure the separation of the adsorbent and solution. Then the adsorbent was oven dried for 12 h at 60 C. After that, three different methodologies for the regeneration were tested:…”

Section: Regeneration Of Mb and Mo Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Mytella falcata residual shell into CaAl/LDH adsorbent: Removal of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes

Henrique

Duarte

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

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This study analyzed the viability of using malacoculture residue (Mytella falcata) to produce layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and for its subsequent use as an adsorbent. The CaAl/LDH‐RE material was produced with calcium oxide from the residue and the CaAl/LDH‐AP was produced with a commercial reagent. Both were used to remove methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. The CaAl/LDH‐RE presented a surface area of 28.54 m2 g−1, being 65.62% larger than the CaAl/LDH‐AP material (17.23 m2 g−1). The adsorbents showed mesopores distributed on a surface formed by plates in the form of hexagonal sheets arranged in an overlapping manner. The dosage of 0.05 g L−1 obtained the removal of 95% and 97% for MO, while for MB it was 94% and 93% using the adsorbents LDH/CaAl‐AP and LDH/CaAl‐RE, respectively. The system reached equilibrium at 90 min for MO and 120 min for MB. The pseudo‐second order model well represented the kinetic data reaching 11.36 mg g−1 (CaAl/LDH‐RE) and 8.42 mg g−1 (CaAl/LDH‐AP) for MO, and 4.47 mg g−1 (CaAl/LDH‐RE) and 4.14 mg g−1 (CaAl/LDH‐AP) for MB. The Freundlich model better represented the isothermal data, where the temperature exerted little influence. Adsorbents showed similar removal percentages in real and synthetic matrices. The LDH/CaAl‐RE can be applied in up to 3 cycles, maintaining its adsorption capacity. These results corroborate the use of MFW to produce CaAl/LDH‐RE, which can be used for the efficient removal of organic pollutants in an aqueous solution.

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“…Such action is also part of sustainable material management. Regarding the regeneration of activated carbons with adsorbed dyes, the commonly used method is based on the desorption of the adsorbate using various agents such as bases, acids, oxidants, organic solvents, water, and salts [ 50 , 51 ]. Moreover, physical regeneration by thermal treatment under an inert atmosphere or using microwaves is also widely applied [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous Carbons and Highly Cross-Linking Polymers for Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions—Studies on Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics

Zienkiewicz-Strzalka,

Blachnio,

Derylo-Marczewska

et al. 2024

Materials

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This study presents the results of applying the methods of synthesizing mesoporous carbon and mesoporous polymer materials with an extended porous mesostructure as adsorbents for cationic dye molecules. Both types of adsorbents are synthetic materials. The aim of the presented research was the preparation, characterisation, and utilisation of obtained mesoporous adsorbents. The physicochemical properties, morphology, and porous structure characteristics of the obtained materials were determined using low-temperature nitrogen sorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and potentiometric titration measurements. The morphology and microstructure were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical characterisation of the surface chemistry of the adsorbents, which provides information about the surface-active groups, the elemental composition, and the electronic state of the elements, was carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption properties of the mesoporous materials were determined using equilibrium and kinetic adsorption experiments for three selected cationic dyes (derivatives of thiazine (methylene blue) and triarylmethane (malachite green and crystal violet)). The adsorption capacity was analysed to the nanostructural and surface properties of used materials. The Generalized Langmuir equation was applied for the analysis of adsorption isotherm data. The adsorption study showed that the carbon materials have a higher sorption capacity for both methylene blue and crystal violet, e.g., 0.88–1.01 mmol/g and 0.33–0.44 mmol/g, respectively, compared to the polymer materials (e.g., 0.038–0.044 mmol/g and 0.038–0.050 mmol/g, respectively). The kinetics of dyes adsorption was closely correlated with the structural properties of the adsorbents. The kinetic data were analysed using various equations: first-order (FOE), second-order (SOE), mixed 1,2-order (MOE), multi-exponential (m-exp), and fractal-like MOE (f-MOE).

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Regeneration of dye-saturated activated carbon through advanced oxidative processes: A review

Cited by 19 publications

References 96 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Biochar: Efficient Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Dye and Colorful Effluents

Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Biochar: Efficient Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Dye and Colorful Effluents

Transformation of Mytella falcata residual shell into CaAl/LDH adsorbent: Removal of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes

Mesoporous Carbons and Highly Cross-Linking Polymers for Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions—Studies on Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics

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