Regeneration of an adult peripheral nerve preparation in culture

Kanje, Martin

doi:10.1007/bf02780554

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There is increasing evidence that proteins made at the site of the lesion and then retrogradely transported to the soma may activate a gene program required for the regeneration process (22) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Neural Plasticity and Regeneration After Vagotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in Our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes? V. Remodeling of vagus and enteric neural circuitry after vagal injury

Liu

Owyang

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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The vago-vagal reflexes mediate a wide range of digestive functions such as motility, secretion, and feeding behavior. Previous articles in this series have discussed the organization and functions of this important neural pathway. The focus of this review will be on some of the events responsible for the adaptive changes of the vagus and the enteric neutral circuitry that occur after vagal injury. The extraordinary plasticity of the neural systems to regain functions when challenged with neural injury will be discussed. In general, neuropeptides and transmitter-related enzymes in the vagal sensory neurons are downregulated after vagal injury to protect against further injury. Conversely, molecules previously absent or present at low levels begin to appear or are upregulated and are available to participate in the survival-regeneration process. Neurotrophins and other related proteins made at the site of the lesion and then retrogradely transported to the soma may play an important role in the regulation of neuropeptide phenotype expression and axonal growth. Vagal injury also triggers adaptive changes within the enteric nervous system to minimize the loss of gastrointestinal functions resulting from the interruption of the vago-vagal pathways. These may include rearrangement of the enteric neural circuitry, changes in the electrophysiological properties of sensory receptors in the intramural neural networks, an increase in receptor numbers, and changes in the affinity states of receptors on enteric neurons.

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Section: Neural Plasticity and Regeneration After Vagotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in Our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes? V. Remodeling of vagus and enteric neural circuitry after vagal injury

Liu

Owyang

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…However, it is clear that nerve transection causes the neuron to switch from a maintenance to a regenerating program and that this shift in cellular priority makes it possible for the cell to construct a new axon. This remarkable alteration in the dorsal root ganglion's (DRG) neurons molecular program suggests that sciatic nerve transection triggers a powerful retrograde signal capable of regulating the total amount of proteins present in the injured cell body (Bisby, 1982;Kanjen, 1992). For instance, this retrograde signal can alter the expression levels of immediate early genes (IEGs; for review, see Goodman 1990;Morgan and Curran, 1991) in the DRG, which may result in the tran-scriptional control of genes important for successful regeneration (Leah et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of c‐jun, junB, and junD mRNA expression and protein in the rat dorsal root ganglia following sciatic nerve transection

León

Nahin

Molina

et al. 1995

J of Neuroscience Research

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The present study was designed to compare the expression of the Jun family of protooncogenes following nerve injury. Adult rats were anesthetized and the sciatic nerve transected. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after nerve transection were collected, their total RNA extracted, and Northern blots performed using 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probes. The constitutive expression of c-jun mRNA was very low in DRG. Induction of c-jun mRNA was observed by day 1 after nerve transection, with a sixfold peak at 3 days and a twofold induction still present by day 7. The constitutive expression of junB mRNA was also low in the DRG, and sciatic nerve transection produced only a modest induction (1.7-fold by day 3) in the DRG ipsilateral to the nerve cut. junD mRNA was constitutively expressed at high levels in the DRG, and its level of expression did not in the DRG, and its level of expression did not change after sciatic nerve transection. Immunocytochemistry studies demonstrated a pattern of c-Jun, JunB, and JunD immunoreactivity (IR) associated with the cell nuclei of DRG neurons. c-Jun IR was found at very low levels in the undamaged contralateral DRG neurons, but sciatic nerve transection dramatically increased the number of c-Jun-immunoreactive neurons. Dot blot immunoblotting assay confirmed that the DRG ipsilateral to the sciatic nerve cut contained a higher level of c-Jun protein than the contralateral control DRG. Similar to c-Jun IR, JunB IR was minimal in the undamaged contralateral DRG. However, the DRG ipsilateral to the nerve transection did not show an increase in the number of immunoreactive neurons. JunD protein was expressed at high levels in the contralateral DRG, and this level of expression persisted after sciatic nerve transection in the ipsilateral DRG. DNA gel retardation assay experiments with an AP-1 consensus sequence showed a single DNA-protein complex. This complex was increased in ipsilateral as compared with contralateral DRG extracts. The amount of DNA-protein complex was reduced by c-Jun protein antiserum but was not altered when treated with a Fos antibody. We conclude that c-jun, junB and junD mRNAs and proteins are differentially regulated in the DRG after sciatic nerve transection.

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“…It was not possible in our hands to isolate a single cell type. We performed gentle trituration and centrifugation and added NGF to the growth medium but still glial cells remained as seen by others (Kanje 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Trigeminal Ganglion Cells during Culture

Jansen‐Olesen

Zhou

Zinck

et al. 2005

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule that has been suggested to be a key molecule for induction and maintenance of migraine attacks based on clinical studies, animal experimental studies and the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity within the trigeminovascular system. Sensitisation of the trigeminal system including the trigeminal ganglia neurones is believed to be involved in the pathway leading to migraine pain. In the present study, the NOS expression in rat primary trigeminal ganglia neurones was examined at different time points using immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. In trigeminal ganglia cells not subjected to culture, endothelial (e) and neuronal (n) but not inducible (i) NOS mRNA and protein were detected. Culture of rat neurones resulted in a rapid axonal outgrowth of NOS positive fibres. At 12, 24 and 48 hr of culture, NOS immunoreactivity was detected in medium-sized trigeminal ganglia cells. Western blotting and RT-PCR revealed an up-regulation of inducible iNOS expression during culture. However, after culture only low levels of eNOS protein was found while no eNOS and nNOS mRNA and protein could be detected. The data suggest that iNOS expression may be a molecular mechanism mediating the adaptive response of trigeminal ganglia cells to the serum free stressful stimulus the culture environment provides. It may act as a cellular signalling molecule that is expressed after cell activation.

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Regeneration of an adult peripheral nerve preparation in culture

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in Our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes? V. Remodeling of vagus and enteric neural circuitry after vagal injury

Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in Our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes? V. Remodeling of vagus and enteric neural circuitry after vagal injury

Comparison of c‐jun, junB, and junD mRNA expression and protein in the rat dorsal root ganglia following sciatic nerve transection

Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Trigeminal Ganglion Cells during Culture

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