Regeneration and repair in multiple sclerosis: The role of cell transplantation

Pluchino, ﻿Stefano; Zanotti, Lucia; Brini, Elena; Ferrari, Sérgio; Martino, Gianvito

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.03.097

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Remyelination of demyelinated lesions has been observed in the early stages of MS [56][57][58], and it has been supported by neuroimaging findings [59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. However, remyelination is incomplete [66] and eventually ceases [67], perhaps due to the inability of OPC to migrate and reach the site of demyelination [68], or to a lack of suitable conditions for differentiation [69]. An inflammatory microenvironment prevents OPC maturation and differentiation into oligodendrocytes, and subsequent prevents axon remyelination.…”

Section: Vitamin D Deficiency and Multiple Sclerosis: Role In The Susmentioning

confidence: 88%

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Moretti

Morelli

Caruso

2018

Preprint

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It is widely known that vitamin D receptors have been found in neurons and glial cells and their highest expression is in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and subcortical grey nuclei, and substantia nigra. The vitamin D helps the regulation of neurotrophin, neural differentiation and maturation, through the control operation of growing factors synthesis (ie NGF and GDNF), the trafficking of the septo-hyppocampal pathway, and the control of the synthesis process of different neuromodulators (such as Ach, DA, and GABA).Based on these assumptions, we have written this review in order to summarize the potential role of vitamin D in neurological pathologies. The work could be titanic, and might result very fuzzy and even incoherent, if we would not have conjectured to taper our first intentions and devoted our interests towards three mainstreams: demyelinating pathologies, vascular syndromes and neurodegeneration.Due to the lack of effective therapeutic options, a part from the disease modifying strategies, the role of different risk factors should be investigated in neurology, as far as their correction may lead to the improvement of the cerebral conditions.We have explored the relationships between the gene-environmental influence and long term vitamin D deficiency, as a risk factor for the development of different types of neurological disorders, along with the role and the rationale of therapeutic trials with vitamin D implementation. Peer-reviewed version available at Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2245 doi:10.3390/ijms19082245 3 SEARCH STRATEGY AND SELECTION CRITERIAWe searched MEDLINE using the search terms: "vitamin D central nervous system" , both "vitamin D" and "central nervous system"; "vitamin D immune system/response", both "vitamin D" and "immune system" or "immune response"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis risk", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis risk"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis relapse", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis relapse"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis magnetic resonance imaging", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis magnetic resonance imaging"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis disability", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis disability"; "vitamin D supplementation/therapy/treatment multiple sclerosis", both "vitamin D supplementation" or "vitamin D therapy" or "vitamin D treatment" and "multiple sclerosis"; "vascular dementia", both as -vascular-and -dementia-, "subcortical vascular dementia", both assubcortical-and -dementia-, "Alzheimer's disease", "pathogenesis neurodegeneration" "amyloid", "cholinergic afferents", "arteriolosclerosis", "cerebral flow regulation", "stroke". Publications were selected mostly form the past 20years, but did not exclude frequently referenced and highly regarded older publications. . Congress abstracts and isolated case reports were not considered. We searched the reference lists of articles identified by this search strategy and selected those we judged relevant. Review articles and book chapters are cited to provide with ...

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Section: Vitamin D Deficiency and Multiple Sclerosis: Role In The Susmentioning

confidence: 88%

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Moretti

Morelli

Caruso

2018

Preprint

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“…MS treatment is currently controversial because of the unpredictable etiology of the disorder [Rodriguez, 2007;Narkilahti et al, 2009;Simo, 2009]. Transplantation of exogenous cells is under study as an appropriate therapy for MS [Payne et al, 2008;Pluchino et al, 2009]. The promise of engrafted OPCs for remyelination of demyelinated axons underscores the potential of cell transplantation therapy for the management of demyelinating diseases [Karussis and Kassis, 2007;Schippling et al, 2008].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, LPC was employed as a demyelinating tool in the current investigation. Successful differentiation of OPCs from BMSCs has been documented in earlier work [Pluchino et al, 2009], but no detailed information is available regarding transplantation of these progenitor cells into the brain of an animal demyelination model. Thus, this research was performed to investigate the therapeutic potential of transplanted BMSC-derived OPCs into the demyelination model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remyelination after Lysophosphatidyl Choline-Induced Demyelination Is Stimulated by Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Oligoprogenitor Cell Transplantation

Bojnordi¹,

Ghasemi²,

Akbari

2014

Cells Tissues Organs

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Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are a desirable cell source that may be useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases given their capacity to differentiate into various types of cells. The current study aimed to investigate whether oligoprogenitor cell (OPC)-derived BMSCs have therapeutic benefits in an animal model of local demyelination. BMSCs were transdifferentiated into OPCs using a defined culture medium supplemented with a combination of inducers. The differentiation capacity of the BMSCs was evaluated at the end of the induction phase by assessing the expression levels of the glial-specific markers oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 and O4 surface antigen. Local demyelination was induced in the corpus callosum of adult female rats via direct injection of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) followed by engraftment of BMSC-generated OPCs. The rats were divided into sham control, vehicle control, and cell-transplanted groups. The changes in the extent of demyelination and the robustness of the remyelination event were assessed using Luxol Fast Blue staining and immunohistochemical analysis 1 week after LPC injection and 2 weeks after cell transplantation. Consequently, transplantation of OPCs into the demyelinated corpus callosum model resulted in differentiation of the cells into mature oligodendrocytes that were immunopositive for myelin basic protein. Furthermore, OPC transplantation mitigated demyelination and augmented remyelination relative to controls. These findings suggest that BMSC-derived OPCs can be utilized in therapeutic approaches for the management of demyelination-associated diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

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“…Smooth gradients of proteins or peptides from the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as fibronectin, laminin, arginin-glycin-aspartic acid (RGD), as well as soluble factors such as growth factors and chemokines, are known to affect adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation of different cell types [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. For neural cells, chemical gradients have paramount importance in guiding the constitution of the neuronal network: directing the axonal growth, through the formation of synapses [12,[19][20][21][22]; and in the chemotaxis of neural stem cells towards injured sites aimed at repairing nervous tissue following a trauma or a pathology, as in stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis [23][24][25][26]. Laminin is the most investigated ECM protein for nerve regeneration [27,28] and specific domains of laminin, such as IKVAV, YIGSR, RGD have been identified to promote neuronal survival and differentiation, to induce axonal growth cone, and to display cell adhesive and/or neurite outgrowth-promoting capabilities [21,23,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural cell alignment by patterning gradients of the extracellular matrix protein laminin

et al. 2014

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Anisotropic orientation and accurate positioning of neural cells is achieved by patterning stripes of the extracellular matrix protein laminin on the surface of polystyrene tissue culture dishes by micromoulding in capillaries (MIMICs). Laminin concentration decreases from the entrance of the channels in contact with the reservoir towards the end. Immunofluorescence analysis of laminin shows a decreasing gradient of concentration along the longitudinal direction of the stripes. The explanation is the superposition of diffusion and convection of the solute, the former dominating at length scales near the entrance (characteristic length around 50 μm), the latter further away (length scale in excess of 900 μm). These length scales are independent of the channel width explored from about 15 to 45 μm. Neural cells are randomly seeded and selectively adhere to the pattern, leaving the unpatterned areas depleted even upon 6 days of incubation. Cell alignment was assessed by the orientation of the long axis of the 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained nuclei. Samples on patterned the laminin area exhibit a large orientational order parameter. As control, cells on the unpatterned laminin film exhibit no preferential orientation. This implies that the anisotropy of laminin stripes is an effective chemical stimulus for cell recruiting and alignment.

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Regeneration and repair in multiple sclerosis: The role of cell transplantation

Cited by 65 publications

References 33 publications

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Remyelination after Lysophosphatidyl Choline-Induced Demyelination Is Stimulated by Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Oligoprogenitor Cell Transplantation

Neural cell alignment by patterning gradients of the extracellular matrix protein laminin

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