“…In sum, rhetorical scholarship on activist motherhood has demonstrated that because women's rhetoric has been historically restricted and devalued, activist mothers must work both within and against norms and expectations of womanhood/motherhood in their efforts to engage in political and public spheres (Buchanan, 2002;West, 2007). Mothers of color have been further implicated by restrictive racial norms and expectations and have, historically and contemporarily, been systemically devalued as "bad mothers" (Feldstein, 2000), which produces additional constraints for racialized maternal activism.…”