Abstract:Highlights
The ‘five-prong purpose’ model describes the functions of antenatal care.
Addressing challenges identified with the five ‘A's model prevents refusal of antenatal care.
Refusal of antenatal care leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes and socio-economic challenges.
A fetus acquires ethical rights after birth and refusal of antenatal care endangers the neonate.
Good clinical governance will improve utilization of … Show more
“…The absence of one-stop antenatal care clinic in many settings makes this model valuable. Goal-directed antenatal care has a high yield for each clinic visit and is preferable to a traditional antenatal care schedule [ 18 ]. Understandably, clinicians managing pregnant women should acquire the skills to assess fetal morphology with ultrasonography.…”
Background
Prenatal ultrasonography for the detection of fetal structural anomaly is an important component of antenatal care. During the assessment, proximal limb deformities are readily diagnosed. Distal limb, especially digit, abnormalities, however, may be difficult to detect, particularly if the ultrasonography is performed in the third trimester, and the deformity is unilateral and isolated.
Case
A 24-year-old primigravida booked for antenatal care with a general practitioner had threatened miscarriage at 12 weeks of gestation, and at 34 weeks was referred to an obstetrician for further care and delivery. The growth ultrasonographic examination was normal but at 40 weeks of gestation she developed antepartum haemorrhage of unknown origin. She had a caesarean delivery and a female baby with “rudimentary” left fingers (“isolated symbrachydactyly”) was delivered. The parents were counselled and they declined further assessment of the baby by a hand surgeon and a clinical geneticist. At 3 years of age, the baby had normal development and “is using her hand even without fingers,” according to the mother.
Conclusion
Collaborative goal-directed antenatal care that involves different categories of healthcare professionals, but particularly a certified sonologist who performs fetal anomaly ultrasonography, is essential for the detection of congenital hand defects. Adequate counselling is essential for the satisfaction of the baby's family.
“…The absence of one-stop antenatal care clinic in many settings makes this model valuable. Goal-directed antenatal care has a high yield for each clinic visit and is preferable to a traditional antenatal care schedule [ 18 ]. Understandably, clinicians managing pregnant women should acquire the skills to assess fetal morphology with ultrasonography.…”
Background
Prenatal ultrasonography for the detection of fetal structural anomaly is an important component of antenatal care. During the assessment, proximal limb deformities are readily diagnosed. Distal limb, especially digit, abnormalities, however, may be difficult to detect, particularly if the ultrasonography is performed in the third trimester, and the deformity is unilateral and isolated.
Case
A 24-year-old primigravida booked for antenatal care with a general practitioner had threatened miscarriage at 12 weeks of gestation, and at 34 weeks was referred to an obstetrician for further care and delivery. The growth ultrasonographic examination was normal but at 40 weeks of gestation she developed antepartum haemorrhage of unknown origin. She had a caesarean delivery and a female baby with “rudimentary” left fingers (“isolated symbrachydactyly”) was delivered. The parents were counselled and they declined further assessment of the baby by a hand surgeon and a clinical geneticist. At 3 years of age, the baby had normal development and “is using her hand even without fingers,” according to the mother.
Conclusion
Collaborative goal-directed antenatal care that involves different categories of healthcare professionals, but particularly a certified sonologist who performs fetal anomaly ultrasonography, is essential for the detection of congenital hand defects. Adequate counselling is essential for the satisfaction of the baby's family.
“…The alternative approach of involving multiple team members to repeatedly counsel the patient carries a risk of delaying the procedure and may result in poor pregnancy outcomes. The fetus has no rights, but acquires such at birth as a newborn, [14] and a permanent debilitating injury sustained is distressful to the family and places an enormous burden on the state's resources. To resolve the debate, a legal reform that also stipulates the timelines may be necessary.…”
“…The present patient had abnormal values for all five factors, which is consistent with the severity of her AFLP. Effective communication and comprehensive antenatal care may improve maternal help-seeking behavior by encouraging early return to a health facility when a mother is ill [8].…”
We report a case of massive bleeding due to a coagulation disorder associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP); the patient survived by massive transfusion. She presented at 34 weeks of gestation, met six of the Swansea criteria, and was diagnosed with severe AFLP. We performed an emergency cesarean section because termination of the pregnancy was necessary for the treatment of the AFLP. After the surgery, which led to massive bleeding in the peritoneal cavity due to the coagulation disorder, she underwent two further operations and three transarterial embolizations. She received factor VII and underwent plasma exchange, and hemostasis was achieved on day 10 after hospitalization. The total volume of blood transfused was 772 units (170 units of red cell concentrate, 212 units of fresh frozen plasma, and 390 units of platelet concentrate). To the best of our knowledge, this is the most severe case of non-fatal AFLP reported to date in terms of the transfusion volume.
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