Refugia-Based Strategies for Parasite Control in Livestock

Greer, Andrew W.; Wyk, J.A. Van; Hamie, Joseph Chakana; Byaruhanga, Charles; Kenyon, Fiona

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.11.003

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…When anthelmintics were applied, the proportion of total stock treated varied, with only 38% of farmers reporting to have mass drenched 100% of their stock, whereas the majority (62%) incorporated a more selective approach to administering anthelmintics: that is, 6% drenched 80%–90%, 20% drenched 50%–70%, 13% drenched 20%–40% and 23% drenched less than 10% of stock. Targeting anthelmintic treatments to animals at risk, most heavily infected and symptomatic animals have, for example, proven to be a particularly effective means to reduce anthelmintic inputs against widespread GIN infections in sheep and to a lesser extent cattle, while slowing the spread of anthelmintic resistance and delivering epidemiological and production benefits 6–9 . However, data to support this approach in other livestock species, and/or against other helminth infections, are lacking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current anthelmintic and antibiotic use in UK organic farming systems

et al. 2021

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Introduction The use of anthelmintic and antibiotic medicines is imperative to prevent the suffering of diseased stock in organic farming. However, their use must be minimised to comply with low input ideals and prevent the spread of resistance. Reducing such inputs first requires determining their current use, but information is lacking. The objective of this study was to benchmark the current use of anthelmintics and antibiotics in UK organic livestock farming. Methods Data were gathered by conducting a national survey of organic livestock farmers in the UK and by analysing records of requests for allopathic medicines. Results Key findings include (i) anthelmintics used in sheep constitute the greatest input of veterinary medicines in organic systems, (ii) farmers are incorporating alternative/support tools in helminth control to reduce anthelmintic requirements, (iii) the use of antibiotics is targeting individual animals, whereas the use of anthelmintics is targeting groups of animals. Conclusion This study provides the first benchmark on the use of anthelmintics and antibiotics in UK organic livestock.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current anthelmintic and antibiotic use in UK organic farming systems

et al. 2021

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“…Our survey found evidence of BZ resistance at all farms where TST was practised and of IVM resistance at half of the farms and detected dual resistance. The choice of treatment indicator, however, is crucial for the e cacy of TST [53,54]. Czech farmers traditionally select animals for drenching based on faecal consistency (diarrhoea), but this indicator is unreliable for TST in goats [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

Vadlejch

Kyriánová

Várady

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR.Results: Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 18 (75%) farms, and the level of resistance was high in four (22%) of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 13 (54%) herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. Eight (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Eleven (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on dual AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively.Conclusions: The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.

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“…Our survey found evidence of BZ resistance at all farms where TST was practised and of IVM resistance at half of the farms and detected multiple resistance. The choice of treatment indicator, however, is crucial for the e cacy of TST [51,52]. Czech farmers traditionally select animals for drenching based on faecal consistency (diarrhoea), but this indicator is unreliable for TST in goats [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

Vadlejch

Kyriánová

Várady

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Knowledge of both the efficacy of anthelmintics and factors promoting AR are essential to effectively control nematode infections, but no information on these topics for goats in the Czech Republic (CR) is available. This survey aimed to determine the occurrence of AR at Czech goat farms and to identify risk factors for the development of AR. A total of 24 herds of dairy goats across the CR were evaluated using in vitro tests for detecting AR, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AR.Results: Resistance against benzimidazoles was confirmed at 75% of the farms, and the level of resistance was high in 22% of the affected herds based on the egg hatch test. Ivermectin-resistant nematodes were detected in 54% of the herds using the larval development test; Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus were the predominant types of resistant larvae. More than half (62%) of the affected herds were evaluated as highly resistant to ivermectin. Almost half (46%) of the herds were resistant to both benzimidazoles and ivermectin. This report is the first on multiple AR in the CR. A univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high stocking rate and farmer inexperience were significantly associated with ivermectin and benzimidazole resistance, respectively.Conclusions: The results of our survey suggest that AR is widespread amongst herds of dairy goats in the CR, likely due to inappropriate practices of pasture and health management. Multiple AR may be an issue for expanding dairy-goat production in the CR in the near future unless both veterinary practitioners and farmers widely adopt strategies to prevent the development of AR.

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Refugia-Based Strategies for Parasite Control in Livestock

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Current anthelmintic and antibiotic use in UK organic farming systems

Current anthelmintic and antibiotic use in UK organic farming systems

Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

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