Refugees in Germany (GiD)

Bonin, Holger; Krause-Pilatus, Annabelle; Rinne, Ulf

doi:10.15185/izarr.123.1

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The empirical assessment and statistical recording of the situation of (solo) self-employed is particularly challenging due to low case numbers, hybrid and changing forms of employment, and strong income fluctuations, among other issues (Bonin et al, 2020;Gather et al, 2010). Since survey programmes show many deficiencies in accurately assessing forms, constellations, and material circumstances of self-employment, qualitative studies can be a valuable approach to complement quantitative assessments.…”

Section: Data and Methodological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last 20 years, the number of self-employed in Germany moved to around four million, which corresponded in 2018 to just under 10 percent of the working population (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2019, p. 359). Of this, the share of solo self-employed was slightly more than half, characterised by a steady increase between 1994 to 2012 and a growing share of women (from 31 percent in 1991 to 42 percent in 2020; see Bonin et al, 2020;KfW Research, 2020a, 2020b. With a self-employment rate of 9.6 percent, Germany thereby ranks fairly low compared to the European rate at 15.2 percent (OECD, 2022).…”

Section: Country Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last years, we could observe the highest increase in the largely female-dominated artistic, domestic, educational, and social occupations as well as in cleaning and some manufacturing professions (e.g., carpenters, plumbers, opticians, technicians). In addition, the proportion of solo self-employed is increasing in high-qualified academic occupations (Bonin et al, 2020). Looking at income by occupational groups, academic professionals for finance and administration, engineers, lawyers, and IT workers achieve the highest incomes, whereas hairdressers, cooks, waiters, cleaners, and people in nursing and health professions rank at the lower end (Brenke & Beznoska, 2016).…”

Section: Country Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly when solo self-employment alone cannot generate sufficient income, attempts are made to cushion income risks through multiple employment. This situation has increased significantly in recent years (Bonin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Theoretical Framework: Hybrid Employment and Solo Self-emplo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female Solo Self-Employment in Germany: The Role of Transitions and Learning From a Life Course Perspective

Haasler

Hokema

2022

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Based on a qualitative analysis of 12 solo self-employed women’s work biographies, this article investigates the (re)structuring effects of solo self-employment on the professional and private lives of women in Germany in their mid- and late-career stages. While solo self-employment has been gaining significance in the German labour market in the last two decades, it is largely an underresearched subject from the perspective of female labour market participation. Our study shows that the transition to working solo self-employed constitutes a marked break in female work biographies with lasting restructuring effects on their life courses. Constituting a deviation from the female standard life course, this move can be understood as a coping strategy of biographical discontinuities, which translates into specific patterns against the background that women (still) assume most of the care and housework responsibilities. How the transition to solo self-employment is being prepared and managed and what role learning and risk management play in the transition process is the focus of our article. Our aim is to better understand the underlining rationalisation logics of female solo self-employment in terms of labour market participation, reconciling work and family life, and professional self-realisation. While in the German welfare system solo self-employed bear higher risks of precarity and financial old age insecurity, solo self-employment is functional as an individual strategy for action, giving women the opportunity to do justice to their (mid) life courses and intrinsic needs to pursue both professional work and freedom of choice when and how to work. This may act as a corrective for gender inequalities in the world of work, especially when it comes to working in a self-determined way.

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Section: Data and Methodological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Country Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Country Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Framework: Hybrid Employment and Solo Self-emplo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female Solo Self-Employment in Germany: The Role of Transitions and Learning From a Life Course Perspective

Haasler

Hokema

2022

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“…33–95; Fischer et al, 2021 ). However, despite the numerous support services, the startup rate in Germany has been steadily declining since 2012 ( Bonin et al, 2022 , p. 16; Metzger, 2022 , p. 1). In the first quarter of 2023, the number of self-employed individuals in Germany was approximately 3.9 million compared to 41.7 million employees, representing around 8.5% of all employees in Germany.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-employed and stressed out? The impact of stress and stress management on entrepreneurs’ mental health and performance

Kiefl,

Fischer,

Schmitt

2024

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionEntrepreneurs play a central role in economic and social stability, yet the start-up rate in Germany has declined in recent years, possibly due to the stress associated with entrepreneurial endeavors. Stressors such as financial uncertainty and time pressure are prevalent among entrepreneurs and negatively affect their psychological well-being. However, research on stress management strategies among self-employed individuals remains limited.MethodsThis pilot study conducted a quantitative analysis with 117 self-employed participants in Germany. The study focused on typical entrepreneurial work demands and selected stress coping mechanisms.ResultsThe analysis revealed a significant correlation between quantitative demands and mental exhaustion. Furthermore, a high positive correlation between presenteeism and workload suggests that presenteeism may partially explain the variance in workload. These findings underscore how high job demands can lead to self-endangering behaviors that are detrimental to mental health.DiscussionAlthough no significant moderating effect of proactive coping on the relationship between job demands and mental exhaustion was observed, significant negative correlations between proactive coping and both job demands and mental exhaustion suggest a potential protective role of proactive coping against work-related stress. This study highlights the importance of understanding stress coping strategies among self-employed individuals and their impact on entrepreneurial success and mental well-being. Further research in this area is warranted to develop effective interventions to support the well-being and productivity of self-employed individuals in Germany.

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Labour mobility, short-time work and working from home: establishments' behaviour during the COVID-19 crisis

Bellmann,

Hübler

2024

IJM

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PurposeWe enquire whether short-time work (STW) avoids firings as intended by policymakers and is associated with unintended side effects by subsidising some establishments and locking in some employees. Additionally, where it was feasible, establishments used working from home (WFH) to continue working without risking an increase in COVID-19 infections and allowing employed parents to care for children attending closed schools.Design/methodology/approachUsing 21 waves of German high-frequency establishment panel data collected during the COVID-19 crisis, we investigate how STW and WFH are associated with hirings, firings, resignations and excess labour turnover (or churning).FindingsOur results show the important influences of STW and working from home on employment dynamics during the pandemic. By means of STW, establishments are able to avoid an increase in involuntary layoffs and hiring decreases significantly. In contrast, WFH is associated with a rise in resignations, as can be expected from a theoretical perspective.Originality/valueWhile most of the literature on STW and WFH is unrelated and remains descriptive, we consider them in conjunction and conduct panel data analyses. We apply data and methods that allow for the dynamic pattern of STW and working from home during the pandemic. Furthermore, our data include relevant establishment-level variables, such as the existence of a works council, employee qualifications, establishment size, the degree to which the establishment was affected by the COVID-19 crisis, industry affiliation and a wave indicator for the period the survey was conducted.

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Refugees in Germany (GiD)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Female Solo Self-Employment in Germany: The Role of Transitions and Learning From a Life Course Perspective

Female Solo Self-Employment in Germany: The Role of Transitions and Learning From a Life Course Perspective

Self-employed and stressed out? The impact of stress and stress management on entrepreneurs’ mental health and performance

Labour mobility, short-time work and working from home: establishments' behaviour during the COVID-19 crisis

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