Refugee Status, Settlement Assistance, and the Educational Integration of Migrants’ Children in the United States

Abstract

Initial relations between the host society and migrants are likely to influence whether and to what degree migrants receive tangible and intangible settlement support that might affect their children's educational integration. As part of the 1980 Refugee Act, the United States officially began to provide settlement support to one group of migrants - refugees, thus institutionalizing more favorable host-society relations for refugees compared to non-refugee migrants. This article assesses the general idea that post-1980 US refugees will show higher levels of integration than non-refugees by testing the specific hypothesis that refugees’ foreign-born children will attain (by adulthood) higher levels of educational attainment than their non-refugee counterparts. As expected, we find that more schooling is completed among refugees’ children than among non-refugees’ children, all else being equal. We also observe that the level of governmental support at arrival is positively associated with educational attainment among refugees’ children. As expected, schooling differentials also drop in accordance with arrival-period declines in support due to drops in refugee children's schooling. The results highlight the pivotal roles that initial host-society/migrant relations play in fostering refugee integration and underscore the potential societal benefits from adopting and maintaining settlement policies for migrants.

Factors and Causes of Migration Processes of Ukrainians: Gender Aspect

“…In the 20th century, global migration was predominantly male (Aslany et al, 2021). Women were often viewed as dependent migrants who accompanied their husbands, and were less likely to migrate (Bean and Khuu, 2022). However, towards the end of the century, this trend began to shift, leading to an increase in female migration due to changes in the global labor market (Andrejuk, 2019).…”