Refugee crisis in Europe: determinants of asylum seeking in European countries from 2008–2014

Kang, Yoo-Duk

doi:10.1080/07036337.2020.1718673

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Giménez-Gómez et al (2019) find that wars, civil conflicts, violations of human rights, and oppressive regimes explain economic migration and forced displacement (asylum seekers) from 51 African sources countries into 21 European destination countries between 1990 and 2014. Kang (2020) finds that political instability of the source country is the main factor explaining the determinants of the number of applications for asylum in seven EU countries from 145 origin countries in the 2008-2014 period. Paniagua et al (2021) study the effect of well-being on forced migration in OECD countries and report that the impact of a composite indicator for safety (or absence of violence) containing two dimensions: assault rate and homicide rate.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Asylum Migration, Borders, and Terrorism in a Structural Gravity Model

Carril-Caccia

Paniagua

Requena

2021

PaG

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In this article, we examine the impact of terrorist attacks on asylum-related migration flows. So far, the literature that examines the “push factors” such as terrorism that explain forced migration has omitted the fact that the vast majority of people forced to flee typically do so toward other locations within the country. The novel feature of our research is the estimation of a structural gravity equation that includes both international migration and internally displaced persons (IDP), a theoretically consistent framework that allows us to identify country-specific variables such as terror attacks. For that purpose, we use information on the number of asylum applications, the number of IDP, and the number of terrorist attacks in each country for a sample of 119 origin developing countries and 141 destination countries over 2009–2018. The empirical results reveal several interesting and policy-relevant traits. Firstly, forced migration abroad is still minimal compared to IDP, but globalization forces are pushing up the ratio. Secondly, terror violence has a positive and significant effect on asylum migration flows relative to the number of IDP. Thirdly, omitting internally displaced people biases downward the impact of terrorism on asylum applications. Fourthly, we observe regional heterogeneity in the effect of terrorism on asylum migration flows; in Latin America, terrorist attacks have a much larger impact on the number of asylum applications relative to IDP than in Asia or Africa.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Asylum Migration, Borders, and Terrorism in a Structural Gravity Model

Carril-Caccia

Paniagua

Requena

2021

PaG

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“…In the last two decades, there are an increasing number of authors that compare the determinants of migration flows with those of asylum seekers, or that focus exclusively on the latter (Davenport et al 2003;Hatton, 2011Hatton, , 2016Hatton and Moloney, 2015;Kang 2021;Moore and Shellman 2004;Murat 2020;Neumayer 2005, among others). Most of them find that political and institutional factors play a strong role in explaining these flows.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing literature on the determinants of asylum migration has mainly focused on evaluating the role of political instability and conflict in the origin countries as push factors (Hatton 2016;Giménez-Gómez 2019, Kang 2021. A few studies have devoted special attention to development aid (Dreher et al 2019;Murat 2020), but none have explored the interplay between governance and development aid and its relationship with migration in search of asylum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Asylum Seekers in Europe: The Interplay between Foreign Aid and Governance in Origin Countries

Ripollés

Martínez‐Zarzoso

2021

Open Econ Rev

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This paper empirically investigates the effects of governance quality on the number of African asylum seekers in Europe over the period 1996–2018 and evaluates the extent to which official development aid acts as a catalyst. With this purpose in mind, different gravity model specifications and estimation approaches have been employed. The obtained results suggest that the asylum flows are strongly determined by governance quality in the country of origin and that this effect does depend on the amount of foreign aid received from developed countries. Moreover, it is also found that development aid is only effective in reducing asylum applications coming from countries with good governance. Moreover, we find no differences in the estimated elasticity of foreign aid on asylum claims for the beneficiaries of the European Union Emergency Trust Fund (EUTF) for Africa, the main aim of which has been to improve living conditions of potential migrants in their countries of origin.

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“…The former found it difficult to disentangle climate-related migration from other motives due to data constraints and methodological issues, whereas the latter found little evidence that natural hazards affect medium to long-run international migration. Other relevant studies that focus on the determinants of migration and asylum migration and for other migrant receiving countries are Bertoli et al (2016Bertoli et al ( , 2020, Hatton (2004Hatton ( , 2009Hatton ( , 2016Hatton ( , 2017Hatton ( , 2020, Hatton and Moloney (2015), Hoeffler (2013), Kang (2021), andWinter (2020), among others.…”

Section: Influential Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, lack of political rights does not have the expected effect, and neither does civil war deaths. Similarly, Kang (2021) investigates the determinants of asylum seeking, for a sample of seven EU receiving countries and 145 origin countries, finding that greater political stability in the origin country significantly reduces emigration rates.…”

Section: Influential Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and Asylum Flows to Germany: New Insights Into the Motives

Nowak‐Lehmann

Cardozo

Martínez‐Zarzoso

2021

PaG

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This study analyzes the determinants of both total migration and asylum migration to Germany. For the analysis, a comprehensive empirical model is set up that includes climate change, economic opportunities, such as per capita income differentials, links to Germany, home country characteristics (population growth, poverty, consumer confidence, unemployment), the political and institutional situation in the sending countries (measured by internal and external conflict, ethnic and religious tensions, government stability, law and order, military in politics), and a control for migration opportunities to alternative destinations. Panel data techniques (Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood) for the estimation of the parameters of interest are employed using a panel of 115 (134) origin countries for asylum migration (total migration) over the period of 1996–2017 or 2001–2017, depending on data availability. The analysis reveals that political, socioeconomic, and economic factors determine both total migration and asylum migration. Economic factors are also determinants of asylum applications, as asylum seekers most often come for several reasons. Poverty plays a distinct role in total migration and asylum migration. An alleviation of poverty in origin countries is associated with less overall migration to Germany but with more asylum migration. Increases in average temperature also impact asylum migration in the expected direction, thus, increasing forced migration. The most interesting findings are revealed when considering country groupings (main migration countries, major asylum countries, countries whose asylum applicants enjoy high, intermediate, or low recognition rates).

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Refugee crisis in Europe: determinants of asylum seeking in European countries from 2008–2014

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Asylum Migration, Borders, and Terrorism in a Structural Gravity Model

Asylum Migration, Borders, and Terrorism in a Structural Gravity Model

African Asylum Seekers in Europe: The Interplay between Foreign Aid and Governance in Origin Countries

Migration and Asylum Flows to Germany: New Insights Into the Motives

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