“…In the US, older ''clubhouse models'' were designed to connect their ''members'' with the broader community, and seemed to help people feel ''less lonely'' (Stein, Barry, van Dien, Hollingsworth, & Sweeney, 1999), but offered little in terms of the employment, education, housing, spirituality, social relations, and recreational activities service users find essential for recovery (Slade, 2010). Researchers have Myers further observed that older clubhouse models provided refuge rather than rehabilitation (Whitley, Harris, & Anglin, 2008), and that in the long term, they can become ''isolated havens'' that foster a ''service-dependent lifestyle'' (Whitley, Strickler, & Drake, 2012).…”