Refrigeration below zero °C: Adsorption chillers using water with ethylene glycol as antifreeze

Seiler, Jan; Hackmann, Jonas; Lanzerath, Franz; Bardow, André

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.02.025

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The adsorption chiller reaches a maximal COP and SCP of 0.11 J J À1 and 18 W kg À1 , respectively. [14] Contrary to expectations, the SCP does not decrease with increasing COP. Maybe even higher phase times would lead to higher COP and SCP until the SCP decreases and shows the expected behavior.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Ethanol As Antifreezementioning

confidence: 66%

“…The reflux valve is controlled to maintain a constant filling level in the evaporator. More details of the adsorption chiller setup and the adsorption cycle can be found in Seiler et al [14] We assessed the performance of the adsorption chiller by evaluating the COP and SCP as defined by . Environment, health, and safety hazards of the 15 remaining antifreezes from PubChem.…”

Section: The Lab-scale Adsorption Chillermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the findings by Seiler et al confirm that the vapor pressure of water is an essential parameter for the adsorption and desorption dynamics. [14] The discussed studies have shown that adding an antifreeze can extend the operating range of water-based adsorption chillers. Furthermore, water-antifreeze mixtures can improve performance compared to pure alternative refrigerants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water and Ethanol as Refrigerant Mixture Enabling Adsorption Cooling below 0 °C

et al. 2023

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Adsorption chillers can avoid two types of greenhouse gas emissions from conventional cooling technologies: energy‐related emissions by utilizing waste heat and refrigerant leakage‐related emissions by employing the natural refrigerant water. However, water restricts the minimal cooling temperature to its freezing point. To overcome this limitation, herein, a boiling antifreeze in adsorption chillers is proposed. For this purpose, a databank of over 12 000 molecules for suitable antifreezes is screened and ethanol is derived as the best candidate. Employing ethanol as antifreeze, the experimental feasibility in a lab‐scale adsorption chiller is demonstrated: ethanol can prevent freezing at a cooling temperature of –5 °C and, thus, extend the operating range of the adsorption chiller. Thereby, the favorable properties of water can be partially retained. Furthermore, water–ethanol mixtures to pure water at a cooling temperature of 10 °C are compared: maximal coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power (SCP) decrease by 45% and 42%, respectively, when 14 mol% ethanol is used instead of pure water. Herein, the influence of ethanol on the adsorbed mass and heat transfer during evaporation are crucial. In summary, boiling antifreezes can extend the operating range of water‐based adsorption chillers below 0 °C.

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Section: Feasibility Of Ethanol As Antifreezementioning

confidence: 66%

Section: The Lab-scale Adsorption Chillermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water and Ethanol as Refrigerant Mixture Enabling Adsorption Cooling below 0 °C

et al. 2023

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“…This analysis shows that it is very attractive to use water vapour as adsorptive in the HeCol cycle; therefore, special measures should be made to avoid ice formation in the condenser. For instance, it was proposed in [19] to mix pure water with ethylene glycol as an anti-freezing agent. The glycol remains in the evaporator and, hence, water is used as a refrigerant.…”

Section: Cacl2 + H2omentioning

confidence: 99%

An Aqueous CaCl2 Solution in the Condenser/Evaporator Instead of Pure Water: Application for the New Adsorptive Cycle “Heat from Cold”

Girnik

Aristov

2020

Energies

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This paper addresses the analysis of the applicability of water as a working fluid for the new adsorptive heat transformation (AHT) cycle "Heat from Cold" (HeCol). The cycle proposed for cold countries operates at the ambient temperature below 0 °C. In this work, an aqueous solution of calcium chloride is proposed instead of liquid water to prevent the ice formation in the evaporator and condenser. The proposed water-based cycle is compared with the common methanol-based HeCol one in terms of the specific useful heat generated per cycle. The effect of the CaCl2 solution on the cycle boundary pressures and its useful heat is studied both theoretically and experimentally. This approach can be extended to other adsorptive heat transformation cycles working at an evaporator or condenser temperature below 0 °C.

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“…It is very promising to use water vapour as adsorptive in the HeCol cycle, but special measures should be made to avoid ice formation in the condenser. Two ways have been proposed and tested in the literature: (i) to mix pure water with ethylene glycol as an anti-freezing agent [33], and (ii) to use an aqueous salt solution instead of pure water [12,34]. One more way to reduce the melting temperature could be confinement of water [35] or an aqueous salt solution [36] into a host matrix with tiny pores.…”

Section: Adsorbents Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis of Working Fluids for a New “Heat from Cold” Cycle

Girnik

Tokarev

Aristov

2020

Entropy

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Adsorptive Heat Transformation systems are at the interface between thermal and chemical engineering. Their study and development need a thorough thermodynamic analysis aimed at the smart choice of adsorbent-adsorptive pair and its fitting with a particular heat transformation cycle. This paper addresses such an analysis for a new “Heat from Cold” cycle proposed for amplification of the ambient heat in cold countries. A comparison of four working fluids is made in terms of the useful heat per cycle and the temperature lift. The useful heat increases in the row water > ammonia ≥ methanol > hydrofluorocarbon R32. A threshold mass of exchanged adsorbate, below which the useful heat equals zero, raises in the same sequence. The most promising adsorbents for this cycle are activated carbons Maxsorb III and SRD 1352/2. For all the adsorptives studied, a linear relationship F = A·ΔT is found between the Dubinin adsorption potential and the driving temperature difference ΔT between the two natural thermal baths. It allows the maximum temperature lift during the heat generation stage to be assessed. Thus, a larger ΔT-value promotes the removal of the more strongly bound adsorbate.

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Refrigeration below zero °C: Adsorption chillers using water with ethylene glycol as antifreeze

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Water and Ethanol as Refrigerant Mixture Enabling Adsorption Cooling below 0 °C

Water and Ethanol as Refrigerant Mixture Enabling Adsorption Cooling below 0 °C

An Aqueous CaCl2 Solution in the Condenser/Evaporator Instead of Pure Water: Application for the New Adsorptive Cycle “Heat from Cold”

Thermodynamic Analysis of Working Fluids for a New “Heat from Cold” Cycle

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