Abstract:The measurement of heavy use over time captures part of addictive video gaming/internet use without overlapping to a large extent with the results of measuring by self-reported addiction scales (AS). Measuring addictive video gaming/internet use via self-reported addiction scales relates more strongly to comorbidity factors than heavy use over time.
“…Overall, Internet use seems to be only one factor in Internet addiction, and Internet addiction not only reflects a magnitude of use. This result is in line with a previous recent study reporting that only part of addictive gaming/Internet use was captured by heavy use over time (Baggio et al 2016). This study thus contributed to the current debate on the relevance of heavy use over time as a proxy for behavioral addiction in self-reported studies.…”
Section: Comparisons Between Internet Use and Self-reported Internet supporting
confidence: 93%
“…Indeed, Internet use and heavy use is correlated to behavioral addiction, such as gambling (Sassen et al 2011), Internet gaming (Lemmens et al 2015), and Internet addiction (Kir aly et al 2014;Suris et al 2014). On the contrary, a recent study highlighted that heavy substance use may not be a proxy of Internet addiction, since they do not overlap to a large extent (Baggio et al 2016).…”
Background: The measurement of Internet use is an under-documented topic despite the worldwide growth of problematic Internet use and the recent debate in addiction research suggesting that heavy use over time should be suitable for population-based assessment. This study compared different measures of Internet use to identify the most relevant one, and tested whether Internet use was a good proxy of self-reported Internet addiction. Methods: Data were collected in the ado@internet.ch study among 3054 Swiss 8th grade adolescents. Different assessments of Internet use (frequency, number of hours spent on Internet, quantity-frequency measure, latent score) were compared using rank invariance across instruments. We also examined associations of Internet use with health outcomes (Internet addiction, wellbeing, somatic health problems, and quantity of sleeping). Additionally, associations of Internet addiction with health outcomes were investigated. Results: Quantity-frequency captured 82% of the variability of average quantity and 64% of the variability of frequency, whereas the latent score captured respectively 94% and 52%. Regression models showed that frequency displayed the lowest associations with Internet addiction (b ¼ 0.128) and wellbeing (b¼À0.038). The associations of other Internet use measures were very similar. Associations of Internet addiction with wellbeing were higher than those of Internet use with wellbeing, whereas the other associations were similar. Conclusions: The quantity-frequency appeared as the most reliable and straightforward measure of Internet use. However, Internet use seemed to be only one factor in Internet addiction. This study was a first step toward proposing a unique relevant tool of Internet use in epidemiological research.
“…Overall, Internet use seems to be only one factor in Internet addiction, and Internet addiction not only reflects a magnitude of use. This result is in line with a previous recent study reporting that only part of addictive gaming/Internet use was captured by heavy use over time (Baggio et al 2016). This study thus contributed to the current debate on the relevance of heavy use over time as a proxy for behavioral addiction in self-reported studies.…”
Section: Comparisons Between Internet Use and Self-reported Internet supporting
confidence: 93%
“…Indeed, Internet use and heavy use is correlated to behavioral addiction, such as gambling (Sassen et al 2011), Internet gaming (Lemmens et al 2015), and Internet addiction (Kir aly et al 2014;Suris et al 2014). On the contrary, a recent study highlighted that heavy substance use may not be a proxy of Internet addiction, since they do not overlap to a large extent (Baggio et al 2016).…”
Background: The measurement of Internet use is an under-documented topic despite the worldwide growth of problematic Internet use and the recent debate in addiction research suggesting that heavy use over time should be suitable for population-based assessment. This study compared different measures of Internet use to identify the most relevant one, and tested whether Internet use was a good proxy of self-reported Internet addiction. Methods: Data were collected in the ado@internet.ch study among 3054 Swiss 8th grade adolescents. Different assessments of Internet use (frequency, number of hours spent on Internet, quantity-frequency measure, latent score) were compared using rank invariance across instruments. We also examined associations of Internet use with health outcomes (Internet addiction, wellbeing, somatic health problems, and quantity of sleeping). Additionally, associations of Internet addiction with health outcomes were investigated. Results: Quantity-frequency captured 82% of the variability of average quantity and 64% of the variability of frequency, whereas the latent score captured respectively 94% and 52%. Regression models showed that frequency displayed the lowest associations with Internet addiction (b ¼ 0.128) and wellbeing (b¼À0.038). The associations of other Internet use measures were very similar. Associations of Internet addiction with wellbeing were higher than those of Internet use with wellbeing, whereas the other associations were similar. Conclusions: The quantity-frequency appeared as the most reliable and straightforward measure of Internet use. However, Internet use seemed to be only one factor in Internet addiction. This study was a first step toward proposing a unique relevant tool of Internet use in epidemiological research.
Commentary on Baggio et al (2016): Internet/gaming addiction is more than heavy use over time Heavy use over time is a necessary condition of addictive disorders; however, in itself it is not a sufficient measure to assess addiction, neither in the case of internet use in general nor internet gaming disorder in particular.
…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a recent study, Baggio et al [1] pointed out that selfreport instruments suffer from a great many shortcomings, and may therefore be unreliable in the assessment of addictive disorders. As an alternative form of assessment, they examined whether heavy use of internet/gaming over time (as a more objective measure) was an appropriate way to estimate addiction.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The gaming literature has made several interesting contributions to this question, although these were not mentioned in the paper by Baggio et al [1]. As early as 2002, for instance, Charlton [6] found that some of the addiction criteria (i.e.…”
Commentary on Baggio et al. (2016): Internet/gaming addiction is more than heavy use over time Heavy use over time is a necessary condition of addictive disorders; however, in itself it is not a sufficient measure to assess addiction, neither in the case of internet use in general nor internet gaming disorder in particular.
Our study advances understanding of the psychobiology of play, demonstrating via novel transcriptomic methods the association of negatively experienced internet play with biological measures of chronic threat, uncertainty, and distress. Our findings are consistent with the view that problematic patterns of online gaming are a proxy for broader patterns of biopsychosocial stress and distress such as loneliness, rather than a psychiatric disorder sui generis, which might exist apart from gamers' other life problems. By confirming the biological correlates of certain patterns of internet gaming, culturally-sensitive genomics approaches such as this can inform both evolutionary theorizing regarding the nature of play, as well as current psychiatric debates about the appropriateness of modeling distressful gaming on substance addiction and problem gambling.
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