“…Second, as sites which navigated regulatory difference bridging on- and off-shore jurisdictions (Aalbers, 2018; Clark et al, 2015; Haberly and Wójcik, 2015), which could be either global financial centers or smaller specialized off-shore financial centers acting as conduits or sinks for flows of assets (Garcia-Bernardo et al, 2017). Third, as sites to initiate, evaluate, and close business transactions, in a labor process fostered by trust, reputation, and reciprocity (Beaverstock and Hall, 2012; Dorry, 2016; Hall, 2011, 2019). Fourth, as sites that generated demand for adjunct advisory and administrative expertise through the intermediation of advanced business services, sustaining the work of particular epistemic communities within and between on- and off-shore jurisdictions (Clark et al, 2015; Cook et al, 2007; Hall, 2009; Wójcik, 2013b).…”