Refractometric determination of second‐order transition in polyvinyl acetate

Wiley, Richard H.

doi:10.1002/pol.1947.120020102

Cited by 38 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…Thus, the polymer relaxation, resulting from a thermal change, can be investigated by monitoring the refractive index. The use of refractive index measurements to determine the glass transition temperature was well established since 1947 [15].…”

Section: Refractive Index As State Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cooling rate on the glass transition of an amorphous polymer

Giordano

Russo

Capoluongo

et al. 2005

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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Section: Refractive Index As State Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cooling rate on the glass transition of an amorphous polymer

Giordano

Russo

Capoluongo

et al. 2005

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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Refractometry

Pepper¹,

Samuels²

2013

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Polymers are an integral part of our everyday life as they are used in products from clothing to car dashboards, toys to aircraft wings, and hundreds of other products that reflect their high strength, low weight, and manufacturing versatility. To use polymers most efficiently, knowledge of both their processed structure and how that structure affects their performance is required. The processed structure signifies either the molecular orientation in a single‐phase polymer system or the amount and orientation of each phase in a multiphase polymer. One particularly useful and simple technique for quantifying the structural state of a polymer sample is polarized refractometry using an Abbe refractometer. This technique is important because it is nondestructive, inexpensive, simple to use, easy to understand, and generates considerable information about the structural state of the polymer. A partial list of the structural information derivable from the refractive index(es) measured with an Abbe refractometer using polarized monochromatic light includes the three principal refractive indexes ( N x , N y , and N z ), axiality (isotropic, uniaxial, multiaxial), average refractive index, density, crystallinity, molecular weight, glass‐transition temperature, copolymer composition, and three‐dimensional molecular orientation. This article presents the theory and practical aspects of polarized refractometry along with applications to real polymer systems.

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Glass Transition Temperatures of Polymers

Andrews

Grulke

1999

The Wiley Database of Polymer Properties

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VI-244 4.6. Poly(benzimidazoles) VI-245 4.7. Poly(benzothiazinophenothiazines) VI-245 4.8. Poly(benzothiazoles) VI-245 4.9. Poly(benzoxazlnes) VI-245 4.10. Poly(benzoxazoles) VI-245 4.11. Poly(carboranes) VI-245 4.12. Poly(dibenzofurans) VI-246 4.13. Poly(dioxoisoindolines) VI-246 4.14. Poly(fluoresceins) VI-247 4.15. Poly(furan tetracarboxylic acid diimides) VI-247 4.16. Poly(oxabicyclononanes) VI-247 4.17. Poly(oxadiazoles) VI-248 4.18. Poly(oxindoles) VI-248 4.19. Poly(oxoisoindolines) VI-248 4.20. Poly(phthalazines) VI-248 4.21. Poly(phthalides) VI-248 4.22. Poly(piperazines) VI-248 4.23. Poly(piperidines) VI-249 4.24. Poly(pyrazinoquinoxalines) VI-249 4.25. Poly(pyrazoles) VI-249 4.26. Poly(pyridazines) VI-249 4.27. Poly(pyridines) VI-249 4.28. Poly(pyromellitimides) VI-249 4.29. Poly(pyrrolidines) VI-250 4.30. Poly(quinones) VI-250 4.31. Poly(quinoxalines) VI-250 4.32. Poly(triazines) VI-252 4.33. Poly(triazoles) VI-252 Table 5. Copolymers VI-252 G. References VI-253 A. INTRODUCTIONAmorphous (noncrystalline) polymeric solids are either glasses or rubbers. A glassy polymer lacks long range order, and is below the temperature at which molecular motions take place on the time scale of the experiment. A rubbery polymer is above the temperature at which molecular motions take place on the time scale of the experiment. The glass transition temperature, T g , is the critical temperature that separates glassy behavior from rubbery behavior. Many amorphous solids, including polymers, organic liquids, biomaterials, some metals and alloys, and inorganic oxide glasses, exhibit glass transition temperatures. The dramatic change in the local movement of polymer chains at T g leads to large changes in a host of physical properties. These properties include density, specific heat, mechanical modulus, mechanical energy absorption, dielectric coefficients, acoustical properties, viscosity, and the rate of gas or liquid diffusion through the polymer, to name a few. Any of these properties can be used, at least in a crude manner, to determine T g . References page VI -253 Specific volume Gl assCrystal l i zati on vol ume change Li qui d

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Refractometric determination of second‐order transition in polyvinyl acetate

Abstract: The refractive index‐temperature data for polyvinyl acetate show a second‐order phase transition temperature of 24°C.

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

The effect of cooling rate on the glass transition of an amorphous polymer

The effect of cooling rate on the glass transition of an amorphous polymer

Refractometry

Glass Transition Temperatures of Polymers

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