Refractivity estimation from sea clutter: An invited review

Karimian, Ali; Yardim, Caglar; Gerstoft, Peter; Hodgkiss, William S.; Barrios, Amalia E.

doi:10.1029/2011rs004818

Cited by 94 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…A variety of intelligent algorithms have been used to estimate refractivity profiles, for example, the genetic algorithm (GA) [16,17], the Bayesian-Markov-chain Monte Carlo method [18], the support vector machine [19], and others [20][21][22][23]. However, these algorithms have some defects in practical applications [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Surface Duct Using Ground-Based GPS Phase Delay and Propagation Loss

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The propagation of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals at low-elevation angles is significantly affected by a surface duct. In this paper, we present an improved algorithm known as NSSAGA, in which simulated annealing (SA) is combined with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). Matched-field processing was used to remotely sense the refractivity structure by using the data of ground-based GPS phase delay and propagation loss from multiple antenna heights. The performance was checked by simulation data with and without noise. In comparison with NSGA-II, the new hybrid algorithm retrieved the refractivity structure more efficiently under various noise conditions. We then modified the objective function and found that matched-field processing is more effective than the conventional least-squares method for inferring the refractivity parameters. Comparing the inversion results and in situ sounding data suggests that the improved method presented herein can capture refractivity characteristics in realistic environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Surface Duct Using Ground-Based GPS Phase Delay and Propagation Loss

et al. 2018

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“…Later, they investigated the performance of an evaporation duct RFC estimator by introducing an error metric as a function of the radar parameters, sea surface characteristics, and the environment; the authors also developed a Bayesian estimator that incorporates meteorological statistics into RFC inversion [16,17]. Very recently, Karimian et al [18] provided a good review of the many applications of the RFC technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation Duct Retrieval Using Changes in Radar Sea Clutter Power Versus Receiving Height

Zhang¹,

Wu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Abstract-A method for retrieving evaporation duct height (EDH) is introduced in this paper. The proposed technique employs the changes in radar sea clutter power observed at different heights as input information. It identifies the EDH associated with the modeled clutter change pattern that best matches measured change patterns. The performance of the method is evaluated in terms of RMS errors in retrieving actual EDHs that range from 0 to 40 m. The comparison of the proposed method with the conventional clutter pattern matching method shows that the former more effectively retrieves actual EDHs.

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“…Considering that the effects of evaporation ducts are manifested in radiowave propagation, it might be feasible to infer the structure of duct from the propagation measurements. Accordingly, a technique named as "refractivity from clutter" (RFC) is presented and developed which can be used to estimate the lower atmospheric refractivity using radar clutter [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieving Evaporation Duct Heights From Power of Ground-Based GPS Occultation Signal

Wang¹,

Wu²,

Lin³

et al. 2013

PIER M

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Abstract-Evaporation duct is a manifest phenomenon that can affect microwave propagation seriously with low elevation angles near the sea surface. As an important parameter to describe the characteristic of the evaporation duct, duct height can be estimated from radar sea echo using a technique called as "refractivity from clutter". In this study, we proposed a novel approach to estimating the evaporation duct height. The signal power received by a groundbased GPS receiver is used when the GPS satellites rise or set at the local horizon over the sea. A forward propagation model and genetic algorithm are adopted to implement this method. The performance is evaluated via numerical simulation for inferring evaporation duct with different height. The results showed that the proposed method is well effective, especially for the conditions with higher evaporation duct height.

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Refractivity estimation from sea clutter: An invited review

Cited by 94 publications

References 120 publications

Estimation of Surface Duct Using Ground-Based GPS Phase Delay and Propagation Loss

Estimation of Surface Duct Using Ground-Based GPS Phase Delay and Propagation Loss

Evaporation Duct Retrieval Using Changes in Radar Sea Clutter Power Versus Receiving Height

Retrieving Evaporation Duct Heights From Power of Ground-Based GPS Occultation Signal

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