Refractive indices of human skin tissues at eight wavelengths and estimated dispersion relations between 300 and 1600 nm

Ding, Huafeng; Lu, Jun Q.; Wooden, William A.; Kragel, Peter J.; Hu, Xinhua

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/6/008

Cited by 236 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…(6). For ultraviolet wavelengths, our data seems to have more consistent wavelength decay as described in literature [21,23]. Such difference is visible, since we have used a laser with 401.4 nm in our measurements.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Considering the visible wavelength range, our experimental data is much approximated to data presented in literature [4]. Since the lowest laser wavelength we used in our measurements was 401.4 nm, we have verified that both Cornu and Conrady equations are the best to fit the decaying RI behavior with wavelength that is described in literature for biological tissues [21,23]. Cauchy's equation allows for good RI fittings for wavelengths above 450 nm, as demonstrated by authors of Ref.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…According to literature, there are three equations that are commonly used to fit the RI of biological tissues -the Cauchy equation (equation 6), the Cornu equation (equation 7) and the Conrady equation (equation 8) [21,23]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wavelength dependence of the refractive index of human colorectal tissues: comparison between healthy mucosa and cancer

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivessupporting

confidence: 70%

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“…The anisotropy factors applied in this model were those introduced by van Gemert et al [21], and which have been used widely [19,[22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Skin Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refractive indices from Ding et al [24] were applied individually to the stratum corneum, living epidermis and dermis. The refractive indices of blood vessel walls and lumina were obtained from Hui et al [28] and Keizjer et al [29].…”

Section: Skin Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Monte Carlo program for simulating light transport through Port Wine Stain skin

2013

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A new Monte Carlo programme is presented for simulating light transport through clinically normal skin and skin that has Port Wine Stains (PWS) vessels. The program consists of an eight layer mathematical skin model constructed from optical coefficients described previously.A simulation including diffuse illumination at the surface and subsequent light transport through the model is carried out using a Radiative Transfer Theory (RTT) ray-tracing technique. Total reflectance values over 39 wavelengths are scored by the addition of simulated light returning to the surface within a specified region and surface reflections (calculated using Fresnel's equations). These reflectance values are compared to measurements from individual participants and characteristics of the model are adjusted until adequate agreement is produced between simulated and measured skin reflectance curves.The absorption and scattering coefficients of the epidermis are adjusted through changes in the simulated concentrations and mean diameters of epidermal melanosomes to reproduce non-lesional skin colour. Pseudo-cylindrical horizontal vessels are added to the skin model and their simulated mean depths, diameters and number densities are adjusted to reproduce measured PWS skin colour.Accurate reproductions of colour measurement data are produced by the program, resulting in realistic predictions of melanin and PWS blood vessel parameters. Using a modest personal computer, the simulation currently requires an average of five and a half days to complete.

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Biocompatible Light Guide‐Assisted Wearable Devices for Enhanced UV Light Delivery in Deep Skin

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Phototherapy represents an attractive route for treating a range of challenging dermatological diseases. Existing skin phototherapy modalities rely on direct UV illumination, although with limited efficacy in addressing disorders of deeper tissue and with requirements for specialized illumination equipment and masks to shield unaffected regions of the skin. This work introduces a skin‐integrated optoelectronic device that incorporates an array of UVA (360 nm) light emitting diodes in layouts that match those of typical lesional plaques and in designs that couple to biocompatible, penetrating polymer microneedle light waveguides to provide optical access to deep skin. Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results in phantom skin suggest that these waveguides significantly enhance light delivery to deep skin, with a >4‐fold increase for depths of >500 µm. In ex vivo human skin, the devices show reduced measures of phototoxicity compared to direct illumination and enhanced modulation of gene expression relevant to sclerosing skin diseases. These systems are also compatible with design principles in soft, skin‐compatible electronics and battery‐powered wireless operation. Collectively, the favorable mechanical and light delivery properties of these devices expand possibilities in targeting of deep skin lesions beyond those attainable with clinical‐standard UV light therapy approaches.

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Refractive indices of human skin tissues at eight wavelengths and estimated dispersion relations between 300 and 1600 nm

Cited by 236 publications

References 27 publications

Wavelength dependence of the refractive index of human colorectal tissues: comparison between healthy mucosa and cancer

Wavelength dependence of the refractive index of human colorectal tissues: comparison between healthy mucosa and cancer

A new Monte Carlo program for simulating light transport through Port Wine Stain skin

Biocompatible Light Guide‐Assisted Wearable Devices for Enhanced UV Light Delivery in Deep Skin

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