Refractive Indices and Relative Permittivities of Liquid Mixtures of γ-Butyrolactone, γ-Valerolactone, δ-Valerolactone, or ε-Caprolactone + Benzene, + Toluene, or + Ethylbenzene at 293.15 K and 313.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract

The refractive indices, n D , and relative permittivities, , have been measured for the binary liquid mixtures of γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, or -caprolactone + benzene, + toluene, or + ethylbenzene over the whole composition range at 293.15 K and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. For the pure lactones the dipole moments, µ, the molar polarizability, P M , and the molar refractivity, R M , were determined. From the values of and n D of the lactone + benzene mixtures, the Kirkwood correlation factor, g, was calculated indicative of the structures of the mixtures.

Temperature Behavior of Electric Relaxational Effects due to Ionic Conductivity in Liquid Lactones

“…8a. The difference in the permittivity values of GBL and GVL results from the different dipole densities in both liquids [31], namely, the ratio of the molar volumes V GBL M /V GVL M ≈ 0.81 corresponds quite well to the ratio of The ε s (T ) dependence for GBL and GVL, together with the literature data [24,31,32], can be well reproduced (solid lines in Fig. 8a) with the following empirical equation:…”

“…The molecular dipole moment of the studied lactones is high (μ ≈ 4.20 D [31,32]), so one may expect here rather strong short-range orientational correlations, such as observed in some liquids composed of molecules with similar dipole moments, as in acetonitrile, for example [33]. However, experimental data for the Kirkwood correlation factor, g, give evidence for very weak dipole-dipole correlations in GBL and GVL (g ≈ 1) [31]. For comparison, in the case of acetonitrile, which is quoted as a typical liquid with strong antiparallel dipolar correlation, the g-factor amounts to about 0.75 [34,35].…”

Colloidal stability of oleic- and ricinoleic-acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles in organic solvents

“…of the matrix A reflects how well the liquids were chosen [23]. The result, obtained by solving the system for the [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The order of the references is the same as the order of the solvents in the table.…”

A study on densities and excess volumes in the (γ-butyrolactone+aromatic hydrocarbon) system at various temperatures

“…The measurements of various properties have been resumed in different laboratories by different scientists using different methods recently [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The excess molar volume of (c-butyrolactone + benzene, or toluene, or ethylbenzene) has been reported at T = 293.15 K and T = 313.15 K by Svejda et al [3,4] and at T = 298.15 K by Wang et al [7].…”