Refractive-index variations with temperature of PMMA and polycarbonate

Cariou, Jean-Michel; Dugas, J.; Martin, L.; Michel, Patrick

doi:10.1364/ao.25.000334

Cited by 135 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…[10][11][12] Furthermore, their refractive index temperature dependences are well known. 4,9,13 However, to our knowledge, studies of PC/PMMA film properties as a function of constituent concentration and temperature for thin films were not reported previously. This is the aim of this paper, which includes detailed film preparation and optical characterization procedures, with regard to compositional PC/PMMA tailoring of refractive indices for specific TO requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Furthermore, due to its low thermo-optic coefficient, the efficiency of refractive index modulation in silica is more than 10 times lower than that for polymers. 4,5 In this context, pure polymers, polymeric composites, and hybrid organic/inorganic compounds have been studied as alternative materials to silica-based devices. [6][7][8] Among these materials, polymer composites have more flexibility in terms of refractive index, which is achieved by adjustment of their composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive index control in bicomponent polymer films for integrated thermo-optical applications

Soave

2009

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. Optical properties of transparent polymer thin films, produced by spin-coating on silicon and constituted of polycarbonate ͑PC͒, poly͑methyl methacrylate͒ ͑PMMA͒, and PC/PMMA, were investigated with regard to integrated thermo-optical ͑TO͒ device applications. Refractive index dependences on wavelength, temperature, and film composition were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry with a dedicated autocontrolled heater setup, in the ranges of 400 to 800 nm, 25 to 85°C and 0 to 100 wt % PC, respectively, with determination of Cauchy and Lorentz-Lorenz parameters. Within these intervals, thermomechanical compatibility and pronounced index contrast of around 0.12 between PC and PMMA, as well as their TO coefficients one order of magnitude higher than that of silica, allow convenient tailoring for specific TO requirements. In addition, wide-range fine-tuning of refractive index variation is found to be facilitated by the weak dependence of isothermal dispersion curves and TO coefficients on film composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive index control in bicomponent polymer films for integrated thermo-optical applications

Soave

2009

Opt. Eng

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“…The most common and easiest method is the minimum deviation method. The theory and method have been discussed elsewhere [6][7][8][9] . Considering the beam geometry of a prism shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Index and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of Virgin Coconut Oil and Virgin Olive Oil

Yunus¹

2009

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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: This study presents the refractive index and FTIR spectra of virgin coconut oil and virgin olive oil that have been measured in the wavelength range from 491.0-667.8 nm. The measurement of refractive index was carried out using a minimum deviation method while the IR transmission ranging from 600-4000 cm −1 was measured using FTIR spectrometer respectively. The measurements were done at room temperature and the dispersion equations for the studied samples were verified and the Cauchy constants were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the Cauchy formula. For both, refractive index and Cauchy constants, the value obtained are higher in virgin olive oil as compared to virgin coconut oil. A similar result for FTIR absorption spectrum was also observed where the five important peaks explaining the stretching absorption due to aldehyde (C = O) and esters (C-O), bending absorption (methylene (CH 2 ) and methyl (CH 3 ) groups and double bond absorptions (C = O) were strong in virgin olive oil.

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“…Table 1 lists the phase response d⌽ /dL of standard silica fiber, 10,11 that of the polymer fiber studied in this Letter, and the values predicted from theory using the coefficients for bulk PMMA. 12,13 The measured strain sensitivity of polymer fiber is ϳ14% larger than that for silica fiber. In contrast, the POF Young's modulus is only ϳ5% of that for silica fiber, reflecting the high elasticity of the polymer.…”

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confidence: 96%

Strain and temperature sensitivity of a single-mode polymer optical fiber

et al. 2005

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We have measured the optical phase sensitivity of fiber based on poly(methyl methacrylate) under nearsingle-mode conditions at 632.8 nm wavelength. The elongation sensitivity is 131± 3 ϫ 10 5 rad m −1 and the temperature sensitivity is −212± 26 rad m −1 K −1 . These values are somewhat larger than those for silica fiber and are consistent with the values expected on the basis of the bulk polymer properties. © 2005 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2300, 060.2370 Fiber optic strain sensors offer advantages that include insensitivity to electromagnetic fields, light weight, and minimal intrusiveness 1 compared with conventional strain gauges. Fused silica, the material of choice for the majority of optical fibers, has near-ideal mechanical characteristics for many strain-sensing applications. However, fused-silica fibers have an upper strain limit of approximately 3-5% and in general are reliable only to ϳ1% strain after selection of fibers by proof testing.2 In highly loaded engineering structures such as highway bridges, buildings, and aircraft wings, transverse loading can result in large bending strains, which can induce locally high strains, so monitoring structural strain is becoming increasingly important. With the advent of new engineering materials, such as composites, the acceptable range of applied strain can exceed the breaking strain of fused-silica fiber, precluding the use of standard fiber-based strain gauges. The inherent fracture toughness and flexibility of polymer optical fibers (POFs) makes them much more suitable in high-strain applications than their glass-based counterparts. In addition, fiber Bragg gratings have recently been written into POFs, broadening their potential applications. 3POF sensors for strain and curvature measurement have been reported in the literature. 4 However, these measurements have generally been intensiometric measurements made with multimode fibers. Whereas robust sensors have been demonstrated to use intensity modulating mechanisms, they are susceptible to unwanted intensity losses, for example, bend loss or connector loss, and to variations in source power. These losses may be addressed technically, by use of additional reference power measurements, for example, but an alternative to intensity measurement is desirable. Interferometry offers a potential alternative, in which the sensing element is a length of fiber between a pair of partially reflecting splices 5 or a pair of matched Bragg gratings. 6 To produce these designs, single-mode fiber rather than conventional multimode POF is required. The advent of single-mode POF offers the potential for highstrain fiber sensors to exploit the advantages of interferometry. We report here interferometric measurement of the optical phase sensitivities of single-mode POF versus strain and temperature changes.The POF (Paradigm Optics) used in these experiments had a cladding diameter of ϳ125 m (commercial acrylic with n = 1.4905) and a core diameter of 6 m [poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped with Ͻ3% polysty...

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Refractive-index variations with temperature of PMMA and polycarbonate

Cited by 135 publications

References 3 publications

Refractive index control in bicomponent polymer films for integrated thermo-optical applications

Refractive index control in bicomponent polymer films for integrated thermo-optical applications

Refractive Index and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of Virgin Coconut Oil and Virgin Olive Oil

Strain and temperature sensitivity of a single-mode polymer optical fiber

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