Refractive Index Sensing in an All-Solid Twin-Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber

Yuan, Wu; Town, Graham; Bang, Ole

doi:10.1109/jsen.2010.2040174

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…An ultra-high sensitivity, of up to 24; 373 nm∕RIU, is achieved by use of a highly birefringent microfiber loop [6]. By employing selective infiltration techniques of PCFs [7,12,13], embedded coupler, modal interferometer, and photonic band-gap structures can be fabricated, which exhibit even higher RI sensitivity such as 38;000 nm∕RIU [8]. However, such a sensor can only use the liquids with a RI higher than that of silica (∼1.46).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensing by use of micro Fabry–Pérot cavity based on simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

et al. 2013

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A temperature-insensitive micro Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity based on simplified hollow-core (SHC) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is demonstrated. Such a device is fabricated by splicing a section of SHC PCF with single mode fibers at both cleaved ends. An extremely low temperature sensitivity of ∼0.273 pm∕°C is obtained between room temperature and 900°C. By drilling vertical micro-channels using a femtosecond laser, the micro FP cavity can be filled with liquids and functions as a sensitive refractometer and the refractive index sensitivity obtained is ∼851.3 nm∕RIU (refractive index unit), which indicates an ultra low temperature cross-sensitivity of ∼3. The FBG based RI sensor generally presents a low sensitivity on the order of ∼100 nm∕RIU (refractive index unit), and the FBG should be fabricated in an exposed-core fiber or a microfiber. It has been reported that LPFG can provide a sensitivity as high as 1500 nm∕RIU [3]. However, LPFG typically exhibits large temperature cross-sensitivity and nonlinear response to the surrounding RI. An ultra-high sensitivity, of up to 24; 373 nm∕RIU, is achieved by use of a highly birefringent microfiber loop [6]. By employing selective infiltration techniques of PCFs [7,12,13], embedded coupler, modal interferometer, and photonic band-gap structures can be fabricated, which exhibit even higher RI sensitivity such as 38;000 nm∕RIU [8]. However, such a sensor can only use the liquids with a RI higher than that of silica (∼1.46). To operate at around 1.33 of RI, a liquid-filled PCF sensor based on four-wave mixing has been demonstrated, with a high sensitivity of 8800 nm∕RIU, however, a large length of PCF (∼1 m) has to be used [11].A key issue that existed in the above mentioned configurations is temperature cross-sensitivity because it limits the sensor reliability. One of the solutions to this issue is the use of fiber-optical FP cavity as it exhibits very low temperature sensitivity of ∼1 pm∕°C, due to the small thermo-expansion coefficient of silica. Recently, the micro FP cavity has received increased research attention because of its low temperature cross-sensitivity, high RI and/or strain sensitivities, and convenient reflection mode of detection. The FP cavity fabricated by focused ion beam milling has been used to measure the RI around 1.30 with a high sensitivity of 1731 nm∕RIU [14] however; the temperature crosssensitivity of the device was not reported. By employing a femtosecond laser, micro FP cavity can be fabricated in single mode fiber (SMF) [15,16] and PCF [17], with a temperature sensitivity of larger than 2 pm∕°C, corresponding to a temperature cross-sensitivity of greater than 2 × 10 −6 RIU∕°C. By splicing a section of hollow-core PCF [18] or Er-doped fiber [19] with SMFs, strain sensors have been demonstrated, with further reduced temperature sensitivity of ∼0.81 and 0.65 pm∕°C, respectively.In this Letter, we demonstrate a micro FP cavity based on simplified hollow-core (SHC)-PCF for RI sensing with extremely low temperature cross-sensitivity. The device is ...

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“…To date, most of optical fiber RI sensors are based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [1], long-period fiber grating (LPFG) [2,3], FabryPérot (FP) or Mach-Zehnder interferometer [4,5], microfiber [6], selectively infiltrated photonic crystal fiber (PCF) coupler [7,8] and many other interesting structures [9][10][11].…”

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Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensing by use of micro Fabry–Pérot cavity based on simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

et al. 2013

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“…A sensitivity of ∼1731 nm/RIU and a detection limit of ∼5.78 × 10 −6 RIU can be achieved, which is comparable to the FP sensitivity reported by other groups [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12] and exceeds the 1500 nm/RIU demonstrated for long period grating based RI sensors in PCFs. 18 It is still a long way from the 70 000 nm/RIU predicted for two-core PCF coupler based RI sensors, 19,20 but the FP technology in standard SMF is more simple and robust.…”

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confidence: 99%

Note: Optical fiber milled by focused ion beam and its application for Fabry-Pérot refractive index sensor

Yuan

Wang

Savenko

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We introduce a highly compact fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot refractive index sensor integrated with a fluid channel that is fabricated directly near the tip of a 32 μm in diameter single-mode fiber taper. The focused ion beam technique is used to efficiently mill the microcavity from the fiber side and finely polish the end facets of the cavity with a high spatial resolution. It is found that a fringe visibility of over 15 dB can be achieved and that the sensor has a sensitivity of ∼1731 nm/RIU (refractive index units) and a detection limit of ∼5.78 × 10−6 RIU. This miniature integrated all-in-fiber optofludic sensor may find use in minimal-invasive biomedical applications.

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“…These types of fibers were also demonstrated as temperature sensors in 1983 [2]. With the advent of microstructured fibers, several dual-core fibers were developed, such as twin-core fibers with special air cladding [3], based on photonic bandgap fibers [4,5] and polymer fibers [6]. Hybrid dual-core fibers where light is guided by total internal reflection in one core and by bandgap guidance in the other were also proposed for wavelength-selective coupling [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this case the two cores appear to be suspended in large air holes by thin glass bridges [8]. All these configurations can be used for the measurement of different parameters, such as refractive index [5,9,10] or biosensing [6]. Through the selective infiltration of a single hole with fluid along a dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF), a record sensitivity for a fiber device of 30,100 nm per refractive index unit was demonstrated [10].…”

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High-sensitivity dispersive Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on a dissimilar-doping dual-core fiber for sensing applications

et al. 2014

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A dual-core fiber in which one of the cores is doped with germanium and the other with phosphorus is used as an in-line Mach-Zehnder dispersive interferometer. By ensuring an equal length but with different dispersion dependencies in the interferometer arms (the two cores), high-sensitivity strain and temperature sensing are achieved. Opposite sensitivities for high and low wavelength peaks were also demonstrated when strain and temperature was applied. To our knowledge this is the first time that such behavior is demonstrated using this type of in-line interferometer based on a dual-core fiber. A sensitivity of 0.102 0.002 nm∕με, between 0 and 800 με and −4.2 0.2 nm∕°C between 47°C and 62°C is demonstrated.

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Refractive Index Sensing in an All-Solid Twin-Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber

Cited by 62 publications

References 46 publications

Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensing by use of micro Fabry–Pérot cavity based on simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensing by use of micro Fabry–Pérot cavity based on simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Note: Optical fiber milled by focused ion beam and its application for Fabry-Pérot refractive index sensor

High-sensitivity dispersive Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on a dissimilar-doping dual-core fiber for sensing applications

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