Refractive-index and density matching in concentrated particle suspensions: a review

Wiederseiner, Sébastien; Andreini, Nicolas; Épely-Chauvin, Gaël; Ancey, Christophe

doi:10.1007/s00348-010-0996-8

Cited by 185 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, few measured viscosity values for water-sediment suspensions at high solid concentrations are available in the sediment research field, and it is possible that the rheometer does not work properly at high volumetric concentrations because of the critical yield stress, particle migration and non-homogeneous suspension [16,41]. To further confirm the validity of the proposed equation, we attempt to use two groups of previously-published measurement data for high solid concentrations that were introduced by Costa [35].…”

Section: Comparison With Published Observational Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of Sediment Suspension Viscosity on Solid Concentration: A Simple General Equation

Zhu

Wang

Peng

2017

Water

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Abstract:In this study, a simple and new parametric equation is proposed that describes the relative viscosity of a suspension as a function of suspended solid concentration, covering a range from very dilute to highly concentrated states, based on Costa (2005). The proposed viscosity law depends mainly on the solid volumetric concentration φ and maximum packing fraction φ m at which a regime transition occurs. Furthermore, the viscosity of dilute as well as a highly-concentrated kaolinite suspension (in excess of 40% and lower than 50%) was measured in a coaxial cylinder rheometer. The proposed formula shows a capability of fitting the measured bulk viscosity into the hyper-concentrated regime in the experiment. Finally, the proposed equation could also be found to show a good fitting relationship with published experimental results on partially crystallised Li 2 Si 2 O 5 melt and partially melted granite with solid contents from 75% to 95%.

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Section: Comparison With Published Observational Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of Sediment Suspension Viscosity on Solid Concentration: A Simple General Equation

Zhu

Wang

Peng

2017

Water

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“…The individual motion of the particles on the centre line was revealed using refractive index matched scanning ('RIMS': Wiederseiner et al 2011a;Dijksman et al 2012;van der Vaart et al 2015). Spherical borosilicate glass beads of density 2230 kg m −3 and diameters 14 and 5 mm were used, with the volume ratio of large particles to small particles being 2 : 5.…”

Section: Recirculating Particle Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within their annular ring shear experiments, Golick & Daniels (2009) inferred that large particles were segregating very slowly in regions of many small particles, but were not able to further explain this observation. Using a classical linear shear cell (Bridgwater 1976) and the 'refractive index matched scanning technique' (Wiederseiner et al 2011a;Dijksman et al 2012), experiments by van der Vaart et al quantified on both bulk and particle scales how large particles rise slower in regions of many small particles compared to small particles percolating down through a region of many large particles. They also showed that the large particle velocity displayed a peak at approximately φ = 0.55, proving that the coarse grains rise quickest as a group.…”

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confidence: 99%

Asymmetric breaking size-segregation waves in dense granular free-surface flows

et al. 2016

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Debris and pyroclastic flows often have bouldery flow fronts, which act as a natural dam resisting further advance. Counter intuitively, these resistive fronts can lead to enhanced run-out, because they can be shouldered aside to form static levees that self-channelise the flow. At the heart of this behaviour is the inherent process of size segregation, with different sized particles readily separating into distinct vertical layers through a combination of kinetic sieving and squeeze expulsion. The result is an upward coarsening of the size distribution with the largest grains collecting at the top of the flow, where the flow velocity is greatest, allowing them to be preferentially transported to the front. Here, the large grains may be overrun, resegregated towards the surface and recirculated before being shouldered aside into lateral levees. A key element of this recirculation mechanism is the formation of a breaking size-segregation wave, which allows large particles that have been overrun to rise up into the faster moving parts of the flow as small particles are sheared over the top. Observations from experiments and discrete particle simulations in a moving-bed flume indicate that, whilst most large particles recirculate quickly at the front, a few recirculate very slowly through regions of many small particles at the rear. This behaviour is modelled in this paper using asymmetric segregation flux functions. Exact non-diffuse solutions are derived for the steady wave structure using the method of characteristics with a cubic segregation flux. Three different structures emerge, dependent on the degree of asymmetry and the non-convexity of the segregation flux function. In particular, a novel 'lens-tail' solution is found for segregation fluxes that have a large amount of non-convexity, with an additional expansion fan and compression wave forming a 'tail' upstream of the 'lens' region. Analysis of exact solutions for the particle motion shows that the large particle motion through the 'lens-tail' is fundamentally different to the classical 'lens' solutions. A few large particles starting near the bottom of the breaking wave pass through the 'tail', where they travel in a region of many small particles with a very small vertical velocity, and take significantly longer to recirculate. †

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“…A fundamental part of the experiments was the optimal control of the suspension properties, especially the refractive index of solid and fluid phases, and their density difference, a point that is crucial for the proper interpretation of the results. 21,22 In Sec. III, we present the results by focusing not only on the bulk flow properties (flow-depth profile, front position with time) but also on the velocity profiles inside the flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular suspension avalanches. I. Macro-viscous behavior

2013

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We experimentally studied the flow behavior of a fixed volume of granular suspension, initially contained in a reservoir and released down an inclined flume. Here "granular suspension" refers to a suspension of non-Brownian particles in a viscous fluid. Depending on the solids fraction, density mismatch, and particle size distribution, a wealth of behaviors can be observed. Here we report and interpret results obtained with granular suspensions, which consisted of neutrally buoyant particles with a solids fraction (φ = 0.575-0.595) close to the maximum random packing fraction (estimated at φ m = 0.625). The particles had the same refractive index as the fluid, which made it possible to measure the velocity profiles inside the moving bulk and far from the sidewalls. Additional information such as the front position and the flow depth was also recorded. Three regimes were observed. At early times, the flow features were reminiscent of homogeneous Newtonian fluids (e.g., the same dependence of the front position on time). At later times, the free surface became more and more bumpy as fractures developed within the bulk. This fracture process ultimately gave rise to a stick-slip regime, in which the suspension moved intermittently. In this paper, we focus on the first regime referred to as the macroviscous regime. Although the bulk flow properties looked like those of Newtonian fluids, the internal dynamics were much richer. C 2013 American Institute of Physics.

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Refractive-index and density matching in concentrated particle suspensions: a review

Cited by 185 publications

References 136 publications

Dependence of Sediment Suspension Viscosity on Solid Concentration: A Simple General Equation

Dependence of Sediment Suspension Viscosity on Solid Concentration: A Simple General Equation

Asymmetric breaking size-segregation waves in dense granular free-surface flows

Granular suspension avalanches. I. Macro-viscous behavior

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