Refractive Errors, Reading Performance, and School Achievement Among Eskimo Children*

Young, Francis A.; Leary, George A.; Baldwin, William R.; West, D C; Box, R A; Goo, Fransiska; Harris, Eugene E.; Johnson, Clifford I.

doi:10.1097/00006324-197005000-00007

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In the present study a preponderance of myopia in females was detectable in every age group although the difference between the sexes almost disappeared after the age of 50 years. 9.52 I n this study as in many earlier observations, t h r more educated were often mvopes (Young 1967;Goldschrnidt 1968;Young et al 1969Young et al , 1970(;rosvenor 1970;.4inc 1979;Angle & Wissmann 1980). In the present study persons aged 2 1-60 years who had passed academic examinations had myopia (2 0 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Refractive Errors in a Finnish Rural Population

Aine

1984

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Refractive errors in 611 persons living in a rural area were examined. Males numbered 281 and females 330. The age range was from 6 to 85 years. In 73 (11.9%) persons the refraction was myopic (SER less than or equal to 0.5 D) and in 173 (28.3%) hyperopic (SER greater than or equal to + 2 D). Myopia was most frequently detected in persons aged 21-30 years (22.6%), and the proportion of myopia decreased towards both extremes of age. In all age groups females were more myopic than males. In persons aged 21-60 years the most educated proved to have more myopia and less hyperopia than those with less education. In 158 (25.9%) of the eyes, astigmatism was detectable. The degree of astigmatism changed little with advancing age and was independent of sex. In myopic eyes the range of astigmatic error was wider than in hyperopic eyes. The axis of + cylinders was in hyperopic eyes mostly horizontal and in myopic eyes vertical. Anisometropia of 1.25-2.0 D was detected in 24 (4.0%) persons and in 19 (3.1%) persons it was over 2 D.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…I n this study as in many earlier observations, t h r more educated were often mvopes (Young 1967;Goldschrnidt 1968;Young et al 1969Young et al , 1970(;rosvenor 1970;.4inc 1979; Angle & Wissmann 1980). In the present study persons aged 2 1-60 years who had passed academic examinations had myopia (2 0 .…”

Section: 52supporting

confidence: 75%

Refractive Errors in a Finnish Rural Population

Aine

1984

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…2 The rapid increase in the prevalence of myopia was first noted in the Inuit population in North America. [3][4][5][6] This trend has also been observed in the United States 7 as well as in Asian countries, including Singapore, 8 Taiwan, [9][10][11][12] and mainland of China, [13][14] where the prevalence of myopia in different birth cohorts can be compared. However, myopia results anatomically and physiologically from changes in biometric components including axial length (AL), corneal power, and lens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of Refractive Errors in a Multiethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study

Pan

Zheng

Anuar

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

150

123

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“…However, many of the reported correlations were small and they all appear to relate to academic contexts and the stereotypical high-achieving student. Although there is no established cause-andeffect relationship, there is an association between excessive visual near-work behavior and myopia (Angle & Wissmann, 1980;Rose, Yinon, & Belkin, 1974;Wallman, Turkel, & Trachtman, 1978;Young, 1961Young, , 1967Young et al, 1970). Therefore, a student who reads a lot and undertakes excessive schoolwork is more likely to develop or aggravate mild myopia.…”

Section: Psychological Approaches To Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

See Clearly: Suggestion, Hypnosis, Attention, and Visual Acuity

Raz

Marinoff²,

Zephrani³

et al. 2004

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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Some reports claim that positive suggestion (e.g., using hypnosis) can significantly improve visual acuity (e.g., in myopes). Based on behavioral, neurocognitive, and ophthalmological findings, the authors provide a critical account to review and challenge some of these data. While acknowledging the relative merits of hypnosis for investigating visual phenomena, an array of arguments converges to propose caveats to the apparent influence suggestion can exert on visual acuity. The authors argue that neither suggestion nor hypnotic phenomena are likely to significantly improve myopic vision and contend that a responsible scientific attitude should carefully outline what hypnosis and suggestion cannot do in addition to what they can. It seems likely that the small apparent influence of suggestion on visual acuity is mediated by changes in attention. The authors outline how attention can affect visual acuity.

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Refractive Errors, Reading Performance, and School Achievement Among Eskimo Children*

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Refractive Errors in a Finnish Rural Population

Refractive Errors in a Finnish Rural Population

Prevalence of Refractive Errors in a Multiethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study

See Clearly: Suggestion, Hypnosis, Attention, and Visual Acuity

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