Refractive Errors in Young Children with Down Syndrome

Woodhouse, J. Margaret; Pakeman, Valerie H.; Cregg, Mary; Saunders, Kathryn; Parker, Margaret G.; Fraser, William; Sastry, Prema; Lobo, Sandra

doi:10.1097/00006324-199710000-00023

Cited by 87 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…3 In addition, the prevalence of astigmatism increased with age in earlier studies. 4 However, in our study, astigmatism did not correlate with age. Group III had the highest prevalence of astigmatism among the four groups, although significant astigmatism was most commonly seen in group IV.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…1,2 Many studies have reported an increasing prevalence of refractive errors with age in patients with Down syndrome. 3,4 The prevalence of strabismus in these patients has been reported to be between 19 and 70%, with esotropia representing the vast majority of strabismus cases. Exotropia has been identified in only 6% of cases or less.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Asian patients with strabismus, exotropia is the most common type. 4,7,8 It is likely that the ocular clinical manifestations of Down syndrome also differ according to ethnicity. However, there is limited information concerning Down syndrome in Asians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive errors and strabismus in Asian patients with Down syndrome

2008

Eye

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and patterns of refractive errors and strabismus in Asian patients with Down syndrome, as they relate to age. Methods A total of 261 Korean patients with Down syndrome were examined between March 1999 and May 2007. Eighty-nine patients were excluded from the study. The remaining 172 patients were divided into four age groups (o3 years, 3-o6 years, 6-o9 years, and X9 years). Full ophthalmologic examinations and strabismus assessments were performed. Refractive errors were defined as follows: myopia XÀ1.00 D, hyperopia X þ 1.00 D, astigmatism X±1.00 D, and anisometropia as a refractive difference between the two eyes X1.00 D. Results Hyperopia (46.5%) was slightly more common than myopia (40.1%). The prevalence of myopia increased with age, whereas that of hyperopia decreased. Astigmatism was found in 66.8% of patients, and astigmatism X2 D was found in 16.8% of patients. Anisometropia was identified in 29.7% of patients, and the incidence of anisometropia correlated significantly with age as well as with astigmatism. Esotropia (22.1%) was twice as common as exotropia (10.5%). The prevalence of esotropia increased with age, but that of exotropia decreased. Fifty patients were found to have nystagmus (29.1%). Conclusions In Asian patients with Down syndrome, esotropia was more common than exotropia and hyperopia was more common than myopia. The prevalence of exotropia and astigmatism was much higher in this study than has been previously reported.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive errors and strabismus in Asian patients with Down syndrome

2008

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“…The prevalence of squint is found to be 29-42% in DS. (11) In our study none of them had squint, while in Alison et al had 25% of the Down syndrome suffering from strabismus. But according to Siegfried Pueschel and Stefan Gieswein had 50% DS population suffering from strabismus, which was more than usual.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Retrospective Analysis of Ophthalmic Ailments in Children Attending the Child Development Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Thomas¹,

Vaishnavi²,

Gayathri³

et al. 2016

jemds

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AIMTo identify the various ocular ailments in children with developmental problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS418 children who attended the child development unit in a tertiary care centre during a period of 2 years from January 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analysed. A detailed data sheet which included their socio-demographic details, systemic ailments, ocular examination and correlations analysed. Ophthalmic examination included examination of lid and adnexa, anterior and posterior segment examination and assessment of squint and refraction. RESULTS75 (17.9%) children had history of consanguinity, 72 (17.2%) were preterm. Speech and language problem was seen in 300 (71.8%), developmental delay was the second in the list 240 (57.4%). Refractive error was the leading ocular problem found in 223 (53.35%) and the most common refractive error was hyperopia. Anisometropia in 18 (4.31%). Squint in 19 (4.55%) and nystagmus in 11 (2.6%). Though vitamin A deficiency was diagnosed as a leading cause of blindness in developing countries, xerophthalmia was noted in only 1 (0.2%) child. CONCLUSIONChildren with multi-system involvement are at high risk of visual disabilities and should not be ignored, as these children depend heavily on their vision. There is an increased risk of refractive errors, anisometropia, fusion mechanisms and accommodation and thus orthoptic and optometric support are mandatory. Ocular problems in these children are usually correctable and early diagnosis and treatment will improve their quality of life.

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“…(Table 1) [Maino et al, 1990;Pueschel, 1995;Saenz, 1999;Smith, 2001]. The prevalence of strabismus has been reported to range from 9 to 69% among individuals with Down syndrome, compared with Ͻ1 to 10% in the general population and 4 to 45% in the overall population of individuals with ID [Cullen and Butler, 1963;Lyle et al, 1972;Markovits, 1975;Jaeger, 1980;Woodruff et al, 1980;NCHS, 1983;Levy, 1984;Shapiro and France, 1985;Jacobson, 1988;Caputo et al, 1989;Aitchison et al, 1990;Catalano, 1990;Cooley and Graham, 1991;Hestnes et al, 1991;Sacks et al, 1991;Pérez-Carpinell et al, 1994;Prasher, 1994;Roizen et al, 1994;Berk et al, 1996;da Cunha and Moreira, 1996;Maino et al, 1996;McCulloch et al, 1996;Block et al, 1997;Woodhouse et al, 1997van Allen et al, 1999;Buch et al, 2001;Merrick and Koslowe, 2001;Cregg et al, 2003;van Splunder et al, 2003bvan Splunder et al, , 2004Gormezano and Kaminski, 2005;Murphy et al, 2005]. In addition, the prevalence of cataracts, which tends to increase with age in the general population, increases to a greater extent with age for individuals with Down syndrome …”

Section: Vision Problems Among Specific Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision and oral health needs of individuals with intellectual disability

Owens

Kerker

Zigler

et al. 2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

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Over the past 20 years, there has been an increased emphasis on health promotion, including prevention activities related to vision and oral health, for the general population, but not for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). This review explores what is known about the prevalence of vision problems and oral health conditions among individuals with ID, presents a rationale for the increased prevalence of these conditions in the context of service utilization, and examines the limitations of the available research. Available data reveal a wide range of prevalence estimates for vision problems and oral health conditions, but all suggest that these conditions are more prevalent among individuals with ID compared with the general population, and disparities exist in the receipt of preventive and early treatment for these conditions for individuals with ID. Recommendations for health improvement in these areas include better health planning and monitoring through standardized population-based data collection and reporting and increased emphasis on health promotion activities and early treatment in the healthcare system.

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Refractive Errors in Young Children with Down Syndrome

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Refractive errors and strabismus in Asian patients with Down syndrome

Refractive errors and strabismus in Asian patients with Down syndrome

Retrospective Analysis of Ophthalmic Ailments in Children Attending the Child Development Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Vision and oral health needs of individuals with intellectual disability

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