Refractive errors among children, adolescents and adults attending eye clinics in Mexico

Gomez-Salazar, Francisco; Campos‐Romero, Abraham; Gomez-Campaña, Humberto; Cruz-Zamudio, Cinthia; Chaidez-Felix, Mariano; León-Sicairos, Nidia; Velázquez-Román, Jorge; Flores-Villaseñor, Héctor; Muro-Amador, Secundino; Guadrón-Llanos, Alma Marlene; Martínez-Garcia, Javier; Murillo-Llanes, Joel; Sánchez-Cuén, Jaime Alberto; Llausas-Vargas, Alejando; Alapizco-Castro, Gerardo; Irineo-Cabrales, Ana Bertha; Graue-Hernández, Enrique O; Ramirez-Luquín, Tito; Canizalez-Roman, Adrián

doi:10.18240/ijo.2017.05.23

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is agreement with the prevalence of hyperopia in this age group in the Gomez-Salazar et al 16 study. In keeping with the hyperopic shift known to occur in older people, [28][29][30] hyperopia increased to 34% in participants over 40, a similar prevalence to that reported in Mexican patients by Gomez-Salazar et al 16 Prevalence of hyperopia in people over 40 has been reported to be 25% in population based studies in the US and Europe. 13,19…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hyperopiasupporting

confidence: 92%

“…20 The relatively low prevalence of myopia among children and young adults from the Tijauna neighborhoods who attended our clinics is of interest. In the Gomez-Salazar et al 16 report, 20% of children 6-9 years old and 41% of those 10-19 years old were myopic. The Gomez-Salazar study may be compared to the present study, because the patients were self-selected, based on a decision to be examined at an optometry clinic.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Castagno et al 27 reported an 8% prevalence of hyperopia in Brazilian 6 year olds, decreasing to 1% at age 15. Gomez-Salazar et al 16 reported a similar prevalence and trend to decreased hyperopia in [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] year olds in Mexico. Prevalence of hyperopia was higher in this age group in the present study.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hyperopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study in Nepal reported myopia in 27% of upper-middle class 15 year old students attending elite schools Kathmandu compared to 3% in 15 year olds in a rural district with low school attendance rates and greater time spent outdoors. 26 Gomez-Salazar et al 16 reported myopia prevalence of only 19% in the Mexican states of Nayarit and Sinaloa which are rural and agricultural. The neighborhoods where our clinics were held are urban and most children attend school.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contrasts with a population based study in Monterey, Mexico that reported myopia in 27% of 12 and 13 year olds. 15 Gomez-Salazar et al 16 conducted a study of refractive error in nearly 700,000 patients, age 6-90, visiting primary care optometry clinics for low income patients in 14 Mexican states and reported a 25% prevalence of myopia nationwide and 27% in Baja California, the location of Tijuana. This is similar to the 27% prevalence of myopia in clinic participants aged 21-40 in the present study (Table 6).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Ubels

Ismond

Timmermans

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Purpose: The population of Tijuana, Mexico is growing rapidly, with a current official population estimate of 1.7 million. Nearly 80,000 people migrate to Tijuana each year, resulting in the rise of neighborhoods with substandard housing, lack of services and inadequate access to health care, including eye care. This study describes refractive errors and the need for corrective lenses among participants attending free clinics in these neighborhoods where they received free eye exams and glasses during January 2016. Methods: This is a retrospective observational chart review of de-identified data collected from intake forms that were filled out for each participant at the clinics. Subjects were self-selected in response to announcements in the neighborhoods where clinics were conducted. Subjects with presenting uncorrected visual acuity 20/30 OU or worse were examined with an autorefractor to measure spherical refractive error. Either prescription or reading glasses were then distributed to participants who had refractive errors. Epi Info, an open source program provided by the CDC, was used to analyze demographic, visual acuity and refractive error data. Results: Presenting visual acuity was evaluated in 1209 people. Of these patients, 70% had a visual acuity of 20/30 or worse. Only 23% of these patients had glasses. Among the patients who were given refractions, 13% had clinically significant myopia (-0.75 D or worse in at least one eye). In participants 20 years old and younger, only 8% had clinically significant myopia. Clinically significant hyperopia (+0.75 D or worse in at least one eye) was detected in 25% of participants. Astigmatism (-1.5 D or worse in at least one eye) was present in 18% of participants. Prescription glasses were given to 542 participants and 396 of these people received their first glasses. Reading glasses were given to 386 people. Among students only 15% presented at the clinics with glasses, while it was determined that 56% of student participants needed glasses. Conclusion: The high levels of uncorrected refractive error in this study suggest limited access to affordable eye care in neighborhoods where clinics were conducted. Prevalence of myopia among adolescents and young adults is increasing in many parts of the world. In contrast, a relatively high prevalence of hyperopia was observed in this age group in Tijuana. The data demonstrate an urgent need for eye care and correction of refractive error in the study group.

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Section: Prevalence Of Hyperopiasupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Prevalence Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Prevalence Of Hyperopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Ubels

Ismond

Timmermans

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Gender and age distribution of refractive errors in an optometric clinical population

Wajuihian

Mashige

2021

Journal of Optometry

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Aim To determine the patterns of distribution of refractive errors in a clinical sample of patients examined in an optometry practice. Method In this retrospective study, the clinic records of 6687 patients aged 6 to 85 years comprising 2168 (32.2%) males and 4519 (67.5%) females were reviewed. Refractive error were analysed according to gender, age, as well as types and categories including axis of astigmatism using the vector power analysis method where the traditional sphero-cylinder was transformed into J0 (primary) and J45 (oblique) astigmatic components. Results Only the analysis for right eye was reported as right and left spherical equivalent were similar. The mean with standard deviations for refractive errors were: Myopia: −1.95 ± 2.6, hyperopia: 1.04 ± 0.9, astigmatism: −1.22 ± 0.71 and anisometropia: −0.01 ± 2.5 DS. The distributions with significant changes included males that were significantly more myopic and astigmatic, while females were more hyperopic across the age groups. Furthermore, myopia decreased, while hyperopia, astigmatism and anisometropia increased with increasing age. Unique findings from this study include: myopia peaked earlier, second hyperopic shift commenced after age 82 years and the distribution of severity of astigmatism contrasts with previous understanding. Conclusion Although the patterns of distribution of refractive errors in patients aged 6 to 85 years corroborates previous findings, myopia and hyperopia peak, as well as severity of astigmatism were unique to the present study. Results from non-clinic populations will be useful to confirm trends reported in this study.

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Percentile curves of refractive errors in a Spanish paediatric population

Martínez-Pérez

Pérez-Sánchez

Villa-Collar

2023

Journal of Optometry

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Refractive errors among children, adolescents and adults attending eye clinics in Mexico

Abstract: Myopia is the most common refractive error in the population studied. This study provides the first data on refractive error in Mexico. Further programs and studies must be developed to address the refractive errors needs of the Mexican population.

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Gender and age distribution of refractive errors in an optometric clinical population

Percentile curves of refractive errors in a Spanish paediatric population

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