Refractive Error in Urban and Rural Adult Chinese in Beijing

Xu, Liang; Li, Jianjun; Cui, Tongtong; Hu, Ailian; Fan, Guizhi; Zhang, Rongxiu; Yang, Hua; Sun, Bindong; Jonas, Jost B.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.05.015

Cited by 252 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…11 The prevalence of myopia (SE o À 0.5 D) in rural adult Koreans was 20.5%. This was similar to the prevalence found in population-based studies of rural Chinese (18.8%), 10,13 but lower than that observed in populationbased studies of urban Chinese (32.3%), 12 Singapore Chinese (35.0%) 7 and Japanese (41.8%), 11 and higher than that found in a Mongolian population-based sample (17.2%). 9 The prevalence of hyperopia (SE 4 þ 0.5 D) in our study sample was 41.8%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…When our results were compared with the overall crude prevalence of refractive errors published in previous population-based surveys, which were undertaken in various races and had similar age distributions and refractive error definitions to those of our study (Table 3), the prevalence of refractive errors in the Korean rural town studied here was slightly different from those found in samples of other races. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Although the prevalence of myopia varies across studies with no specific pattern observed by ancestral origin in adult populations, 16 myopia is particularly prevalent in East Asia, especially among the Japanese. 11 The prevalence of myopia (SE o À 0.5 D) in rural adult Koreans was 20.5%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Extrapolation from these data has provided clues about the distribution of refractive errors in several geographical populations. The prevalence of refractive errors varies among locally representative adult samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive errors in a rural Korean adult population: the Namil Study

Yoo

Kim

Park

et al. 2013

Eye

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Purpose To assess the prevalence of refractive errors, including myopia, high myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia, in rural adult Koreans. Methods We identified 2027 residents aged 40 years or older in Namil-myeon, a rural town in central South Korea. Of 1928 eligible residents, 1532 subjects (79.5%) participated. Each subject underwent screening examinations including autorefractometry, corneal curvature measurement, and best-corrected visual acuity. Results Data from 1215 phakic right eyes were analyzed. The prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) o À 0.5 diopters (D)) was 20.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.2 À 22.8%), of high myopia (SE o À 6.0 D) was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.4 À 1.5%), of hyperopia (SE4 þ 0.5 D) was 41.8% (95% CI: 38.9 À 44.4%), of astigmatism (cylinder o À 0.5 D) was 63.7% (95% CI: 61.0 À 66.4%), and of anisometropia (difference in SE between eyes 41.0 D) was 13.8% (95% CI: 11.9 À 15.8%). Myopia prevalence decreased with age and tended to transition into hyperopia with age up to 60 À 69 years. In subjects older than this, the trend in SE refractive errors reversed with age. The prevalence of astigmatism and anisometropia increased consistently with age. The refractive status was not significantly different between males and females. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in rural adult Koreans was similar to that of rural Chinese. The prevalence of high myopia was lower in this Korean sample than in other East Asian populations, and astigmatism was the most frequently occurring refractive error.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive errors in a rural Korean adult population: the Namil Study

Yoo

Kim

Park

et al. 2013

Eye

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“…The study has been described in detail recently. [18][19][20][21][22][23] After getting an informed consent, a detailed ophthalmic examination was carried out including measurement of uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (Snellen charts), noncontact tonometry (CT-60 computerized tonometer, Topcon Ltd, Japan), frequency doubling perimetry using the screening programme C-20-1 (Zeiss-Humphrey, Dublin, California, USA), slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, ophthalmoscopy, and photography of the lens (Neitz CT-R camera; Neitz Instruments Co., Tokyo, Japan) and of the fundus (fundus camera, type CR6-45NM, Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) after medical mydriasis. Past history of eye diseases, eye trauma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and any ophthalmologic care the participant received were recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To examine the relationship between epiretinal membranes and glaucoma, two different glaucoma definitions were applied. 20 In the definition of 'Optic Disc Glaucoma', the only criterion for glaucoma was a glaucomatous appearance of the optic disc. 21 In the definition of 'Perimetric Glaucoma', the optic disc appeared glaucomatous and the visual field showed defects that could be explained by no other disease than glaucomatous optic neuropathy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study

You

Jonas

2007

Eye

108

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of epiretinal membranes in the adult Chinese population. Methods The Beijing Eye Study, a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study, included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%) with an age of 40 þ years. The present investigation consisted of 4378 (98.6%) subjects for whom readable fundus photographs (301 nonstereoscopic colour images) were available. Assessing the fundus photographs, we differentiated two membrane types: cellophane maculopathy and premacular fibrosis. Results Prevalence rate of epiretinal membranes was 2.270.2% (mean7SE) (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9,2.5) per eye or 2.270.2% (95% CI: 1.8,2.7) per subject. In binary logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of epiretinal membranes was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.07,1.12), visual field loss (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.03,1.07), hyperopia (P ¼ 0.02; 95% CI: 1.01,1.18), and higher education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.29,1.74). Cellophane maculopathy showed a prevalence rate of 1.1170.1% (95% CI: 0.9,1.3) per eye and 1.870.2% (95% CI: 1.4,2.2) per subject. Its prevalence was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.08,1.13), higher education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.26,1.92), and visual field loss (P ¼ 0.009; 95% CI: 1.01,1.07). Premacular fibrosis had a prevalence rate of 1.0670.1% (95% CI: 0.9,1.3) per eye and 1.870.2% (95% CI: 1.4,2.2) per subject. It was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.06,1.11), higher level of education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.15,1.74), and visual field loss (P ¼ 0.001; 95% CI: 1.02,1.08). ConclusionIn adult Chinese in Greater Beijing, epiretinal membranes including cellophane maculopathy and premacular fibrosis occur in a relatively low frequency which may be lower than in Western countries. Epiretinal membranes including its subtypes of cellophane maculopathy and epiretinal fibrosis were associated with age and hyperopic refractive error.

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Nonsyndromic High Myopia in a Chinese Family Mapped to MYP1

Guo¹

2010

Arch Ophthalmol

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To identify the genetic locus for X-linked nonsyndromic high myopia in a large Chinese family. Methods: Phenotypic information and DNA samples were collected from 19 individuals in a Chinese family; 7 had high myopia and 12 were unaffected. We performed a linkage scan on the X chromosome and sequenced several candidate genes. Results: High myopia in this family, presenting since early childhood and ranging from −6.00 to −15.00 diopters of sphere, is consistent with an X-linked recessive trait. The presence of a normal optic disc and the absence of color visual defects and other systemic abnormalities indicated that high myopia in this family is nonsyndromic. Our linkage analysis mapped the disease locus to Xq28, a 6.1-cM region between DXS8069 and Xqter, with 2-point logarithm of odds scores greater than 2.0 for 5 markers and a maximum logarithm of odds score of 3.59 at =0 for 2 markers. Sequence analysis of coding and adjacent intronic regions of GPR50, PRRG3, CNGA2, and BGN did not identify any potential causative mutation. Conclusions: Nonsyndromic high myopia in a Chinese family was mapped to the MYP1 region, which confirmed and refined this region for high myopia. In addition, our results suggest that color visual defects and optic disc hypoplasia are not necessary signs of high myopia attributed to the MYP1 region. Clinical Relevance: MYP1 is a common and the best locus for positional cloning of the gene responsible for high myopia. Our results suggest that MYP1 is also responsible for nonsyndromic high myopia.

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Refractive Error in Urban and Rural Adult Chinese in Beijing

Cited by 252 publications

References 16 publications

Refractive errors in a rural Korean adult population: the Namil Study

Refractive errors in a rural Korean adult population: the Namil Study

Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study

Nonsyndromic High Myopia in a Chinese Family Mapped to MYP1

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