Refractive elements for the measurement of the orbital angular momentum of a single photon

Abstract

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Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

“…LG modes can be used to transmit more classical information [5][6][7][8][9] or realize a higher-dimensional quantum state 11,21,22 . To access the encoded information efficiently a MS was developed 18,19 , which consists of two freeform refractive optical elements that convert the OAM content of an incident light field to lateral positions of the output. The first element maps the azimuthal to the lateral coordinates.…”

“…At the same time, we investigate a flexible way to create higher-dimensional OAM entanglement that does not rely on angular momentum correlation. The essential tool in our experiment is a mode sorter (MS) that was invented 18,19 to convert the OAM content of an incident light beam to lateral positions of the output beam. By using this device in reverse, different spatial positions can be transformed to the cylindrically symmetric LG modes.…”

Quantum Information with Structured Light

“…Experimentally, a Fourier transformation can be achieved by placing a a lens in between the two planes [44]. Alternatively, two quadratic terms can be added to the phase elements above to eliminate the need for a lens [4]. The resulting phase transmission functions can be realized using SLMs or by creating custom refractive elements [3,4].…”

“…Alternatively, two quadratic terms can be added to the phase elements above to eliminate the need for a lens [4]. The resulting phase transmission functions can be realized using SLMs or by creating custom refractive elements [3,4]. As mentioned earlier, an additional lens is needed in the (u, v) plane to separate the transformed modes.…”

Holographic detection of the orbital angular momentum of light with plasmonic photodiodes

“…More evolved holographic plates can also simultaneously detect a large number of OAM states using a CCD camera 15 . Refractive elements have been recently developed to transform the OAM information into transverse momentum information for efficient detection of OAM with high quantum numbers with sensitivity down to the single photon limit 16 . All of these free-space methods require bulky systems comprising multiple components, which are usually not cost effective and are difficult to implement.…”