Reforming universities in the Middle East

Abstract

This article addresses the core-periphery nexus by looking at some of the reform packages proposed in the 2000s in these two pivotal countries in the Middle East, Egypt and Jordan, as well as the resistances they generated. These reform packages include internationalisation and privatisation policies, as well as World Bank–sponsored programmes intended to enhance the higher education sector. These programmes are marked by a high degree of isomorphism with global trends: they belong to an unquestioned centre, with peripheries as receiving points of policies elaborated elsewhere. In this article, I examine some of the resistances they were met with in Egypt and Jordan and show how their translations were shaped by the logics of the local contexts so that they were rarely implemented. Looking at post–Arab Spring developments, the article reflects on the continuity of reform packages amidst political turmoil, and the ways in which these reforms are altering or reinforcing processes of peripheralisation.

The Birth and Development of Anthropology in Arab Countries: A still Controversial and Marginalised Knowledge?

“…After Arabising higher education by mobilising mainly teachers and researchers from the Mashrek and North Africa, the states of the Arabian Peninsula have changed course by Westernising secondary and university education since the 2000s. This development has been stimulated by the international policies of the so-called "knowledge economy" (Cantini, 2019;Eickelman & Mustafa Abusharaf, 2017). English has become the dominant language in high schools and private universities created over the past two decades, which are often branches of North American universities.…”