Reforming the Female Class: Il Caffe's "Defense of Women"

“One will make of political economy... what the scholastics have done with philosophy”: Henry Lloyd and the Mathematization of Economics

“…On the diffi culty of aligning Lloyd's different life-stories, see Capra 2002, 148. rendered in Carlo Goldoni's famous play La bottega del caffè (1750), the Accademia dei pugni was a transalpine equivalent of the salons of Baron Friedrich Melchior Grimm and of Madame d'Épinay. Just as the spirit of the Encyclopédie was manifested in these Parisian circles, Il caffè became both the incubator (as coffee shop) and medium (as journal) of the accademia's message of reform (Francioni 1998;Romagnoli 1998;Messbarger 1999). There, the accademia addressed the major cultural, economic, political, and scientifi c questions of the day, such as why Italy, twice in history at the center of the world's attention, was languishing in the wake of Britain, France, and Holland, and what to do about it.…”

“…Pocock (1975;1985, 48;1999, to dichotomize wealth and virtue in classical republican thought. This vision of early modern commercial ideology has recently been criticized by historians (Robertson 1983;Pincus 1998;Jurdjevic 2001), and Lloyd's ideal of "commercial republicanism" indeed synthesizes the two confl icting paradigms quite neatly.…”

Giambattista Biffi and His Role in the Dissemination of English Culture in Eighteenth‐Century Lombardy

“…the figure of Biffi, 10 and Rebecca Messbarger's more recent analysis, which has provided a useful update of material connected with Il Caffè and the topic of women. 11 In the winter evenings of 1761-1762 the Milanese home of Count Verri hosted a group of young intellectuals eager to advance the sciences, the arts and social virtue. Led by Pietro Verri, the Count's elder son, the group coincided at the outset with the Accademia dei Pugni -as they mockingly called themselves -which Pietro had started among selected friends after breaking away from the Accademia dei Trasformati.…”